Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pendaftaran tanah bertujuan memberi kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak. pelaksanaan pendaftaran tanah sistematis lengkap masih menunjukkan persoalan sertifikat ganda yang berkedudukan sama atas satu bidang tanah. keadaan ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan merugikan pemegang hak yang beritikad baik. penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pengaturan perlindungan hukum preventif dan represif bagi pemegang hak atas sertifikat ganda yang berkedudukan sama dalam sistem pendaftaran tanah sistematik menurut hukum pertanahan indonesia, sejauh mana undang-undang pokok agraria (uupa) beserta peraturan pelaksanaannya, termasuk peraturan menteri atr/bpn, memberikan kepastian hukum kepada pemegang hak atas sertifikat ganda yang berkedudukan sama agar tidak dirugikan secara hukum, dan hambatan yuridis dan kelemahan pengaturan hukum dalam sistem pendaftaran tanah sistematik yang menyebabkan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas sertifikat ganda yang berkedudukan sama belum terlaksana secara optimal. metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan berupa wawancara dengan kantor pertanahan serta notaris/ppat yang berkaitan dengan praktik pendaftaran tanah, verifikasi data fisik-yuridis, dan penanganan sertifikat ganda, lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan pola deskriptif-analitis. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas sertifikat ganda yang berkedudukan sama seharusnya diberikan melalui perlindungan preventif dan represif dalam sistem pendaftaran tanah. perlindungan hukum baru lebih efektif setelah timbul sengketa melalui mekanisme administratif atau peradilan, sehingga perlindungan terhadap pemegang hak yang sebenarnya masih bersifat reaktif. apabila terjadi sertifikat ganda dengan jenis hak yang sama, kepastian hukum bagi pemegang hak yang sebenarnya baru dapat ditentukan melalui pembuktian materiil dan putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. pengaturan pendaftaran tanah sistematik seharusnya mampu mencegah terjadinya sertifikat ganda melalui prosedur administrasi yang cermat, data pertanahan yang terintegrasi, dan pengawasan yang efektif. disarankan kepada atr/bpn (terutama kantor pertanahan daerah) agar memperkuat perlindungan hukum preventif dan represif dalam ptsl dengan memperketat verifikasi data fisik–yuridis, menelusuri riwayat penguasaan/pemilikan secara cermat sebelum penerbitan sertifikat, serta menyediakan mekanisme koreksi administratif yang cepat dan mudah diakses untuk memulihkan hak ketika terjadi sertifikat ganda. kepada pembentuk kebijakan dan pembuat regulasi pertanahan, untuk memperjelas jaminan kepastian hukum bagi pemegang hak yang beritikad baik, termasuk penegasan akibat hukum atas kesalahan administratif penerbitan sertifikat dan penguatan norma tanggung jawab negara, agar kepastian hukum tidak hanya bersifat formal tetapi juga efektif melindungi pemegang hak. kepada bpn, ppat, dan aparat penegak hukum, untuk mengatasi hambatan yuridis dan kelemahan sistem melalui integrasi dan pembaruan data pertanahan, peningkatan pengawasan serta kapasitas aparatur, dan penyelesaian sengketa yang menekankan keadilan substantif, sehingga risiko sertifikat ganda dapat ditekan dan perlindungan hak terlaksana lebih optimal.

Land registration aims to provide legal certainty and legal protection for rights holders. The implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap) continues to reveal the problem of duplicate certificates of equal standing (sertifikat ganda yang berkedudukan sama) over a single parcel of land. This circumstance gives rise to legal uncertainty and causes detriment to rights holders acting in good faith. This study aims to examine: the regulatory framework governing preventive and repressive legal protection for rights holders in cases of duplicate certificates of equal standing within the Systematic Land Registration system under Indonesian agrarian law; the extent to which the Basic Agrarian Law (Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria / UUPA) and its implementing regulations, including the Ministerial Regulations of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), afford legal certainty to rights holders confronted with duplicate certificates of equal standing so as to prevent legal prejudice; and the juridical impediments and normative deficiencies within the Systematic Land Registration system that have caused legal protection for such rights holders to remain suboptimal in its application. The research employs an empirical-juridical methodology, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. Data were obtained through library research and field research, comprising interviews conducted with the Land Office (Kantor Pertanahan) and Notaries/Land Deed Officials (PPAT) engaged in land registration practice, physical and juridical data verification, and the handling of duplicate certificate disputes. The data were subsequently analysed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical framework. The findings of this study indicate that legal protection for rights holders in cases of duplicate certificates of equal standing ought to be accorded through both preventive and repressive mechanisms within the land registration system. In practice, legal protection proves to be effective only after a dispute has arisen, through either administrative or judicial mechanisms, thereby rendering the protection of the rightful rights holder essentially reactive in nature. Where duplicate certificates of the same category of rights exist, legal certainty for the rightful rights holder can only be definitively established through substantive evidentiary proceedings and a court judgment having permanent legal force (putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap). The regulatory framework governing Systematic Land Registration ought to be capable of preventing the issuance of duplicate certificates through rigorous administrative procedures, integrated land data systems, and effective supervisory mechanisms. It is recommended that the Ministry of ATR/BPN in particular, the regional Land Offices strengthen both preventive and repressive legal protection within the Complete Systematic Land Registration programme by: tightening the verification of physical and juridical data; conducting thorough investigation into the history of land tenure and ownership prior to the issuance of certificates; and establishing a rapid and accessible administrative correction mechanism to restore rights in the event of duplicate certificates. Land policy makers and regulators are urged to clarify the guarantee of legal certainty for rights holders acting in good faith, including affirming the legal consequences of administrative errors in certificate issuance and reinforcing norms of State responsibility, so that legal certainty is not merely formal in character but is also substantively effective in protecting rights holders. The National Land Agency (BPN), Land Deed Officials (PPAT), and law enforcement authorities are further urged to address juridical impediments and systemic deficiencies through the integration and updating of land data, the enhancement of supervisory functions and institutional capacity, and the resolution of disputes with emphasis on substantive justice, so that the risk of duplicate certificate issuance may be minimised and the protection of rights holders implemented more effectively.