Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Latar belakang: penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional di rumah sakit merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap timbulnya resistensi antibiotik. data mengenai pola penggunaan antibiotik di rumah sakit wilayah kota banda aceh, indonesia masih terbatas. tujuan: mengevaluasi prevalensi, pola, dan kualitas penggunaan antibiotik pada rumah sakit di kota banda aceh, indonesia. metode: penelitian observasional potong lintang multisenter dilakukan di lima rumah sakit pada agustus–desember 2025 menggunakan protokol point prevalence survey (pps) dari european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc). data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis pasien rawat inap yang menerima antibiotik sistemik pada hari survei, selanjutnya dianalisis terkait pola distribusi penggunaan antibiotik serta kualitas penggunaannya. hasil: dari 1.029 pasien rawat inap, tercatat 528 diantaranya menerima antibiotik dengan prevalensi penggunaan sebesar 51,3% (95% ci: 48.3 – 54.4). tercatat sebanyak 637 peresepan antibiotik dengan rerata pemberian 1,2 antibiotik perpasien. sefalosporin generasi ketiga merupakan golongan antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan (59,6%). berdasarkan klasifikasi who aware, antibiotik kelompok watch mendominasi peresepan sebesar 76,6%. ceftriaxone menjadi antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan (48,5%) dibandingkan dengan antibiotik lain. tingkat kepatuhan terhadap pedoman didapatkan sebesar 52,1% (95% ci: 48,2 – 55,9) dan didapatkan 246 (38,5%) peresepan antibiotik tanpa indikasi. pemeriksaan kultur mikrobiologi hanya dilakukan pada 42 (8,0%) pasien dan didapatkan 50 sampel kultur dengan positive culture rate sebesar 54% yang didominasi pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococcus spp. dan bakteri gram negatif. kesimpulan: penggunaan antibiotik di rumah sakit kota banda aceh secara keseluruhan masih belum optimal, ditandai dengan tingginya ketergantungan akan antibiotik spektrum luas serta masih ditemukannya peresepan antibiotik yang tidak rasional. kata kunci: penggunaan antibiotik; point prevalence survey; penatagunaan antimikroba; klasifikasi aware; banda aceh

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use in hospital settings is a major contributor to antibiotic resistance. However, data on antibiotic utilization patterns in hospitals in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia, remain limited. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, patterns, and quality of antibiotic utilization in hospitals in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals between August and December 2025 using the Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) protocol developed by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Data were collected from medical records of inpatients receiving systemic antibiotics on the survey day and analyzed to describe the distribution patterns and quality indicators of antibiotic use. Results: Of 1,029 hospitalized patients, 528 received antibiotics, yielding a prevalence of 51.3% (95% CI: 48.3 – 54.4). A total of 637 antibiotic prescriptions were recorded, with an average of 1.2 antibiotics per patient. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most frequently used class of antibiotics (59.6%). Based on the WHO AWaRe classification, Watch group antibiotics dominated prescriptions (76.6%). Ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (48.5%). Guideline adherence was observed in 52.1% of prescriptions (95% CI: 48,2 – 55,9), and 246 (38.5%) antibiotic prescriptions were identified as having no clear indication. Microbiological cultures were performed in in only 42 (8.0%) patients, yielding 50 culture samples with a positive culture rate of 54%, predominantly involving Staphylococcus spp. and gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: Overall, antibiotic use in hospitals in Banda Aceh remains suboptimal, characterized by a high reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics and the continued presence of irrational antibiotic prescribing. Keywords: antibiotic utilization; point prevalence survey; antimicrobial stewardship; AWaRe classification; Banda Aceh