Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Daging sapi merupakan sumber protein hewani yang penting, tetapi berpotensi terkontaminasi bakteri patogen seperti salmonella sp. penyebab penyakit bawaan pangan (foodborne disease). infeksi salmonella sp. umumnya ditangani dengan antibiotik, namun penggunaan yang tidak rasional dapat memicu resistensi antimikroba dan menurunkan efektivitas terapi. peningkatan kasus resistensi tersebut mendorong pengembangan alternatif antimikroba berbahan alami yang lebih aman, salah satunya daun balakacida yang mengandung senyawa bioaktif. oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol daun balakacida terhadap isolat salmonella sp. resisten asal daging sapi di pasar tradisional banda aceh. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol daun balakacida terhadap isolat salmonella sp. yang telah dinyatakan resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik, yaitu ampisilin, ciprofloksasin, eritromisin, gentamisin, streptomisin, dan tetrasiklin. ekstrak dibuat melalui metode maserasi dengan perbandingan 1:10 antara simplisia dan pelarut etanol. pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram (kirby–bauer) dengan enam variasi konsentrasi ekstrak, yaitu 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75%, dan 85%, masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. ciprofloksasin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif, carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) sebagai kontrol negatif, dan salmonella atcc 14028 sebagai isolat pembanding. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun balakacida mampu menghambat pertumbuhan salmonella sp. resisten maupun isolat pembanding. zona hambat mulai terbentuk pada konsentrasi 30% dan meningkat seiring kenaikan konsentrasi, dengan diameter terbesar pada konsentrasi 85% sebesar 3,33 ± 0,16 mm. kontrol negatif tidak menunjukkan zona hambat. berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun balakacida memiliki aktivitas antimikroba dalam kategori lemah terhadap salmonella sp. resisten dan isolat salmonella atcc 14028. kata kunci: antimikroba, daun balakcida, ekstrak etanol, salmonella sp., salmonella atcc 14028

Beef is an important source of animal protein; however, it is susceptible to contamination by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella sp., a causative agent of foodborne diseases. Infections caused by Salmonella sp. are commonly treated with antibiotics, yet the irrational use of these agents may lead to antimicrobial resistance and reduced therapeutic effectiveness. The increasing incidence of resistance has encouraged the development of safer plant-based antimicrobial alternatives, including balakacida leaves, which are known to contain bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of balakacida leaves against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella sp. isolates obtained from beef sold in traditional markets in Banda Aceh. This study aimed to explore and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of balakacida leaves against Salmonella sp. isolates that had been confirmed resistant to several antibiotics, namely ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. The extract was prepared using the maceration method with a 1:10 ratio of simplicia to ethanol solvent. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion (Kirby–Bauer) method with six extract concentrations (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75%, and 85%), each tested in triplicate. Ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a negative control, and Salmonella ATCC 14028 as a reference strain. The results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of balakacida leaves was capable of inhibiting the growth of both antibiotic-resistant Salmonella sp. isolates and the reference strain. Inhibition zones began to appear at a concentration of 30% and increased with higher concentrations, with the largest diameter observed at 85% (3.33 ± 0.16 mm). No inhibition zone was observed in the negative control. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of balakacida leaves exhibits weak antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella sp. isolates and Salmonella ATCC 14028. Keywords: Antimicrobial, balakcida leaves, ethanol extract, Salmonella sp., Salmonella ATCC 14028