Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pemberian hak milik di atas tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha pt. usaha semesta jaya di kabupaten nagan raya farhad lubis* ilyas ismail** yanis rinaldi*** abstrak pada tahun 2016, menteri agraria dan tata ruang/ kepala badan pertanahan nasional memberikan perpanjangan hak guna usaha tersebut seluas 1.595,5 ha. dari 3.014 ha. melalui surat keputusan nomor 22/hak guna usaha/kem-atr/bpn/2016 tanggal 13 mei 2016 tentang perpanjangan jangka waktu hak guna usaha atas nama pt. usaha semesta jaya yang mengakibatkan sebagian dari tanah hak guna usaha tersebut seluas 1.418,5 ha. kembali menjadi tanah negara. terhadap tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha telah diatur secara khusus melalui pp nomor 224 tahun 1961 sebagaimana telah diubah berdasarkan pp nomor 41 tahun 1964, tanah bekas hak guna usaha menjadi objek tanah yang akan dibagikan kepada pihak-pihak dengan kriteria tertentu. selain itu, penguasaan atas tanah negara juga telah diatur melalui izin membuka tanah berdasarkan keputusan kepala bpn nomor 2 tahun 2003. kemudian setelah menguasai tanah selama 3 (tiga) tahun berdasarkan izin membuka tanah, pemegang izin dapat memohonkan pemberian hak atas tanah. namun dalam pelaksanaannya, pemberian 56 (lima puluh enam) hak milik di atas tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha di kabupaten nagan raya dilakukan melalui permohonan pemberian hak milik secara mandiri pada layanan kantor pertanahan kabupaten nagan raya di tahun yang sama pada saat tanah tersebut berubah status dari hak guna usaha menjadi tanah yang dikuasai langsung oleh negara. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan pemberian hak milik di atas tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha pt. usaha semesta jaya di kabupaten nagan raya dan menganalisis akibat hukum dari pemberian hak milik di atas tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha pt. usaha semesta jaya di kabupaten nagan raya. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologis dan peraturan perundang-undangan. data diperoleh dengan studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara dengan pihak-pihak terkait. seluruh data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hak milik atas tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha pt. usaha semesta jaya di kabupaten nagan raya tidak dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan pmna nomor 9 tahun 1999 sebagaimana telah dicabut melalui permen atr/ bpn 18 tahun 2021. alas hak yang digunakan dalam permohonan pemberian hak milik tersebut tidak dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai bukti yuridis perolehan tanah negara untuk pemberian hak baru, karena pada dasarnya dokumen tersebut digunakan untuk pembuktian hak lama sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 24 ayat (2) pp 24 tahun 1997, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pemegang hak yang bertolak belakang dengan tujuan pendaftaran tanah. akibat hukum dari pemberian hak milik di atas tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha pt. usaha semesta jaya di kabupaten nagan raya berpotensi terjadi pembatalan hak yang menyebabkan hapusnya hubungan hukum antara pemegang hak dengan tanah beserta hak dan kewajiban yang melekat padanya. disamping itu, terhadap tanah kelebihan maksimum diharuskan mengakhiri penguasaan tersebut dengan jalan memindahkan baik penguasaan ataupun hak atas tanah kelebihan itu kepada pihak lain yang memenuhi syarat, atau mengajukan permohonan suatu hak baru sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan. sebagai solusi, penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada kepala kantor wilayah badan pertanahan nasional provinsi aceh agar dapat membatalkan hak milik yang telah diterbitkan. kemudian, pemberian hak atas tanah pada lokasi tanah negara bekas hak guna usaha tersebut dilaksanakan untuk keperluan kepentingan umum, reforma agraria, proyek strategis nasional, cadangan negara lainnya sesuai dengan kebijakan kementerian, atau diberikan kepada bank tanah dengan hak pengelolaan berdasarkan penataan kembali pemilikan, penggunaan dan pemanfaatan tanah dari menteri agraria dan tata ruang/ kepala badan pertanahan nasional. disamping itu, disarankan kepada bupati nagan raya untuk mengusulkan pembentukan qanun dan peraturan pelaksanaan izin membuka tanah guna menjamin kepastian hukum terhadap masyarakat yang akan memanfaatkan tanah negara serta dapat dijadikan bukti yuridis atas penguasaan dan pemanfaatan tanah negara pada saat dimohonkan hak atas tanah. kata kunci: hak milik, tanah negara, bekas hak guna usaha, kepastian hukum, akibat hukum.

GRANTING OF OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OVER STATE LAND FORMERLY UNDER THE RIGHT OF CULTIVATION OF PT USAHA SEMESTA JAYA IN NAGAN RAYA REGENCY Farhad Lubis* Ilyas Ismail** Yanis Rinaldi*** ABSTRACT In 2016, the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency granted an extension of the Right of Cultivation (Hak Guna Usaha/HGU) covering an area of 1,595.5 hectares out of a total of 3,014 hectares through Decree Number 22/HAK GUNA USAHA/KEM-ATR/BPN/2016 dated 13 May 2016 concerning the Extension of the Term of the Right of Cultivation in the name of PT Usaha Semesta Jaya. As a result, part of the former HGU land covering an area of 1,418.5 hectares reverted to state land. The management of state land formerly subject to a Right of Cultivation is specifically regulated under Government Regulation Number 224 of 1961 as amended by Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964, which designates former HGU land as land to be redistributed to parties meeting certain criteria. In addition, the control of state land is also regulated through land clearing permits (izin membuka tanah) based on the Decree of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 2 of 2003. After controlling the land for three (3) years based on such land clearing permits, the permit holder may apply for the granting of land rights. However, in practice, the granting of 56 (fifty-six) ownership rights (Hak Milik) over state land formerly under the Right of Cultivation in Nagan Raya Regency was carried out through individual applications for ownership rights submitted to the Nagan Raya Land Office in the same year when the land status changed from a Right of Cultivation to land directly controlled by the State. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the granting of ownership rights over state land formerly under the Right of Cultivation of PT Usaha Semesta Jaya in Nagan Raya Regency and to examine the legal consequences arising from such grants of ownership rights. The research employs an empirical method using sociological and statutory approaches. Data were obtained through a literature review of primary and secondary legal materials, as well as field research conducted through interviews with relevant parties. All data were subsequently analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the granting of ownership rights over state land formerly under the Right of Cultivation of PT Usaha Semesta Jaya in Nagan Raya Regency was not carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 9 of 1999, which has since been revoked by the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency Number 18 of 2021. The legal basis (alas hak) used in the applications for ownership rights cannot be classified as juridical evidence for the acquisition of state land for the purpose of granting new land rights, as such documents are fundamentally intended to prove pre-existing rights (hak lama) as referred to in Article 24 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997. Consequently, this situation gives rise to legal uncertainty for the holders of ownership rights, which is contrary to the objectives of land registration. The legal consequences of granting ownership rights over state land formerly under the Right of Cultivation of PT Usaha Semesta Jaya in Nagan Raya Regency include the potential annulment of such rights, resulting in the termination of the legal relationship between the rights holders and the land, along with all rights and obligations attached thereto. Furthermore, with regard to land exceeding the maximum ownership limit, the holders are required to terminate such control by transferring either the control or the rights over the excess land to other eligible parties or by submitting an application for a new land right in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations. As a solution, this study recommends that the Head of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional) of Aceh Province revoke the ownership rights that have been issued. Furthermore, the granting of land rights over the former state land previously subject to a right of cultivation (hak guna usaha) should be carried out for purposes of public interest, agrarian reform, national strategic projects, other state land reserves in accordance with the Ministry’s policies, or be granted to the Land Bank under management rights based on the reorganization of land ownership, use, and utilization as stipulated by the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency. In addition, it is recommended that the Regent of Nagan Raya propose the establishment of a qanun and implementing regulations concerning permits to open land in order to ensure legal certainty for communities utilizing state land, as well as to serve as juridical evidence of the control and utilization of state land when applying for land rights. Keywords: ownership rights, state land, former right of cultivation, legal certainty, legal consequences.