Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tindak pidana penyelundupan pakaian bekas impor merupakan pelanggaran serius di bidang kepabeanan yang diatur dalam undang-undang nomor 17 tahun 2006 tentang perubahan atas undang-undang nomor 10 tahun 1995 tentang kepabeanan. peraturan menteri perdagangan nomor 40 tahun 2022 (jo. permendag no. 51 tahun 2015 tentang larangan impor pakaian bekas) secara tegas melarang impor pakaian bekas, menjadikan setiap pemasukan barang tersebut sebagai tindak pidana. namun pada kenyataan nya masih terdapat kasus-kasus mengenai penyelundupan pakaian bekas dengan berbagai motif yang dilakukan. penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis modus operandi, faktor penyebab, dan hambatan penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana penyelundupan pakaian bekas di wilayah kerja kantor pengawasan dan pelayanan bea dan cukai tipe madya pabean c kota pematang siantar. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum yuridis-empiris, mengkombinasikan studi kepustakaan untuk menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan (undang-undang kepabeanan dan peraturan turunannya) dan penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara dengan pejabat bea dan cukai serta instansi terkait di wilayah pematang siantar dan tanjung balai asahan. data primer dan sekunder dianalisis secara kualitatif-deskriptif untuk mendapatkan kedalaman pemahaman kontekstual dan struktural. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modus operandi penyelundupan ini adalah pakaian bekas yang sudah di padatkan (ballpress) di selipkan di dalam karung bahan makananyang masuk melalui jalur-jalur tikus (minim pengawasan) penyebab utamanya adalah untung besar dari selisih harga dan permintaan pasar (rational choice theory). kejahatan ini sulit diberantas karena keterbatasan sumber daya bea cukai dan sanksi hukum (pasal 102 uu kepabeanan) yang terlalu ringan dibandingkan keuntungan sindikat. fokus penindakan tidak hanya diorientasikan pada pelaku lapangan, melainkan harus diarahkan secara strategis pada pengungkapan aktor intelektual (mastermind) yang mengendalikan jaringan kejahatan tersebut. disarankan adanya penguatan sinergi operasional antara bea cukai, tni, dan kepolisian, serta penindakan harus difokuskan pada pengungkapan aktor intelektual dan pengenaan sanksi yang menyasar aset ekonomi melalui penerapan undang-undang tindak pidana pencucian uang (tppu) untuk memutus rantai jaringan penyelundup secara permanen.

The criminal offense of smuggling imported second-hand clothing constitutes a serious violation in the field of customs, as regulated under Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 10 of 1995 on Customs. Minister of Trade Regulation Number 40 of 2022 (in conjunction with Minister of Trade Regulation Number 51 of 2015 concerning the Prohibition of the Import of Used Clothing) expressly prohibits the importation of second-hand clothing, thereby rendering any entry of such goods a criminal act. Nevertheless, in practice, cases of second-hand clothing smuggling with various underlying motives continue to occur. This study aims to analyze the modus operandi, causal factors, and obstacles to law enforcement in relation to the criminal offense of second-hand clothing smuggling within the jurisdiction of the Pematang Siantar Type C Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office. The research method employed is juridical-empirical legal research, combining library research to examine statutory regulations (the Customs Law and its implementing regulations) with field research conducted through interviews with Customs and Excise officials and relevant agencies in the Pematang Siantar and Tanjung Balai Asahan areas. Primary and secondary data are analyzed using a qualitative-descriptive approach to achieve an in-depth contextual and structural understanding. The findings indicate that the modus operandi of this smuggling activity involves compressed (ball-pressed) second-hand clothing concealed within sacks of food commodities and transported through so-called “rat routes,” which are minimally supervised. The primary driving factors are substantial profits derived from price differentials and strong market demand, consistent with rational choice theory. This crime is difficult to eradicate due to limited Customs resources and legal sanctions under Article 102 of the Customs Law, which are relatively lenient when compared to the economic gains obtained by smuggling syndicates. Therefore, enforcement efforts should not be oriented solely toward on-the-ground perpetrators but must be strategically directed at uncovering the intellectual actors (masterminds) who control and coordinate these criminal networks. Accordingly, it is recommended that operational synergy between Customs and Excise, the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), and the Police be strengthened. Furthermore, enforcement should focus on identifying and prosecuting intellectual actors and on the imposition of asset-targeting sanctions through the application of the Anti–Money Laundering Law (AML) in order to permanently dismantle the smuggling networks.