Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanah sawah memegang peran penting dalam produksi beras sebagai makanan pokok utama di indonesia. sebagian besar lahan sawah berasal dari lahan kering yang dialihfungsi, namun lahan sawah bukaan baru sering mengalami permasalahan seperti rendahnya bahan organik, ph masam, dan minimnya unsur hara. hal ini menyebabkan produktivitas padi menjadi rendah, seperti yang terjadi di lahan sawah bukaan baru seluas ±6 hektar di desa jantho baru, belum memberikan hasil optimal dengan rata-rata produksi padi hanya 1,3 ton/ha. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan kimia tanah pada lahan sawah bukaan baru dengan jenis tanah inceptisols dan menganalisis perubahan sifat tanah dari lahan kering yang telah disawahkan. penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan sawah bukaan baru di desa jantho baru, kota jantho, kabupaten aceh besar dengan jenis tanah inceptisols. analisis sampel tanah di tiga laboratorium fakultas pertanian universitas syiah kuala, yaitu laboratorium kimia tanah, laboratorium fisika tanah dan laboratorium penelitian tanah dan tanaman. metode yang digunakan adalah survei dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pengambilan sampel tanah secara acak (soil random sampling) pada kedalaman 0–20 cm di tiga titik: lahan sawah yang telah ditanami tiga musim (titik 1), lahan sawah yang baru ditanami satu musim (titik 2), dan lahan non sawah (titik 3). sampel tanah dikompositkan dan dianalisis di laboratorium untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan kimia tanah. adapun parameter yang di analisis yaitu bulk density, tekstur, ph h2o, c-organik, nitrogen total (n-total), fosfor tersedia (p-tersedia), kapasitas tukar kation (ktk) dan kejenuhan basa (kb). hasil analisis diinterpretasikan berdasarkan kriteria kesuburan tanah untuk mengevaluasi kondisi lahan sawah bukaan baru dibandingkan lahan kering dan sawah tahun pertama. berdasarkan analisis sifat fisika tanah inceptisols pada lahan sawah bukaan baru ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga titik sampling memiliki tekstur lempung berdebu. nilai rata-rata bulk density tanah pada kedua lahan sawah bukaan berkisar antara 1,31–1,40 g cm-3 (tinggi), sementara lahan non sawah berkisar 1,01 g cm-3 (sedang). kemudian hasil analisis sifat kimia tanah pada tanah inceptisols di lahan sawah bukaan baru memperlihatkan kondisi kesuburan yang rendah: ph tanah ketiga lahan tersebut tergolong masam (4,22–4,78). kandungan c-organik pada ketiga lahan sangat rendah (

Paddy fields play a crucial role in rice production, the main staple food in Indonesia. Most paddy fields originate from converted dryland, but newly opened paddy fields often experience problems such as low organic matter, acidic pH, and nutrient deficiencies. This results in low rice productivity, as seen in the approximately 6 hectares of newly opened paddy fields in Jantho Baru Village, which have not yet produced optimal yields, with an average rice yield of only 1.3 tons/ha. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical properties of newly opened paddy fields with Inceptisols soil type and to analyze changes in soil properties from previously converted dryland. This research was conducted in newly opened paddy fields in Jantho Baru Village, Jantho City, Aceh Besar Regency, with Inceptisols soil type. Soil sample analysis was conducted in three laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University: the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, the Soil Physics Laboratory, and the Soil and Plant Research Laboratory. The method used was a survey and quantitative descriptive analysis with random soil sampling at a depth of 0–20 cm at three locations: a rice field that had been planted for three seasons (location 1), a rice field that had only been planted for one season (location 2), and a non-rice field (location 3). The soil samples were composited and analyzed in the laboratory to determine the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The parameters analyzed were bulk density, texture, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation (BSA). The analysis results were interpreted based on soil fertility criteria to evaluate the condition of the newly opened rice fields compared to dry fields and first-year rice fields. Based on the analysis of the physical properties of the Inceptisol soil in the newly opened rice fields, all three sampling locations showed a silty clay texture. The average bulk density of the soil in both newly opened paddy fields ranged from 1.31–1.40 g cm-3 (high), while the non-paddy field ranged from 1.01 g cm-3 (moderate). Then the results of the analysis of the chemical properties of the inceptisols in the newly opened paddy fields showed low fertility conditions: the soil pH of the three fields was classified as acidic (4.22–4.78). The organic C content in the three fields was very low (