Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Fenomena salt attack merupakan kerusakan material bangunan akibat proses kristalisasi garam yang berkembang secara bertahap dan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan serta durasi paparan. di wilayah pesisir kota banda aceh, fenomena ini diduga merupakan dampak lingkungan jangka panjang dari tsunami aceh 26 desember 2004, yang menyebabkan peningkatan kadar salinitas tanah pada zona terdampak. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena salt attack pada bangunan di wilayah terdampak tsunami kota banda aceh dengan fokus utama pada tinggi salt attack, karakteristik visual kerusakan bangunan akibat salt attack, distribusi spasial fenomena salt attack, serta perumusan rekomendasi penanganan. analisis hubungan kadar salinitas tanah dilakukan sebagai pendekatan penghubung untuk mengaitkan fenomena salt attack dengan residu lingkungan pascatsunami, mengingat salinitas merupakan faktor utama pemicu proses kristalisasi garam. penelitian dilakukan pada 76 bangunan melalui pengukuran tinggi salt attack, kadar salinitas tanah, serta pengumpulan data umur bangunan, jarak bangunan terhadap garis pantai, elevasi, jarak drainase, dan nilai topographic wetness index (twi). metode analisis meliputi analisis deskriptif, korelasi pearson dan spearman, uji chi-square, regresi linier berganda, klasifikasi visual kerusakan, serta analisis spasial. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar salinitas tanah membentuk pola spasial yang berkaitan dengan zona berhentinya gelombang tsunami, sedangkan tinggi salt attack dipengaruhi terutama oleh umur bangunan dan didukung oleh kadar salinitas tanah. sebagian besar bangunan berada pada tingkat kerusakan ringan hingga sedang. penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa fenomena salt attack di kota banda aceh merupakan dampak lingkungan jangka panjang tsunami aceh 2004 dan memberikan dasar empiris bagi penyusunan rekomendasi penanganan bangunan di wilayah pesisir pascabencana.

Salt attack is a progressive form of building material deterioration driven by salt crystallization within porous materials and is strongly influenced by environmental conditions and exposure duration. In the coastal area of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, this phenomenon is hypothesized to represent a long-term environmental impact of the 26 December 2004 Aceh tsunami, which caused persistent soil salinity within tsunami-affected zones. This study investigates salt attack in buildings located in tsunami-affected areas of Banda Aceh, focusing on salt attack height, visual damage characteristics, spatial distribution, and mitigation-oriented interpretation. Soil salinity is analyzed as a linking variable to associate salt attack with post-tsunami environmental residues, given its role as the primary driver of salt crystallization. The study was conducted on 76 buildings using field measurements of salt attack height and soil salinity, complemented by data on building age, distance from the coastline, elevation, distance to drainage, and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI). The analytical framework integrates descriptive analysis, parametric and non-parametric statistical methods to address heterogeneous field data, visual damage classification, and spatial analysis. Results show that soil salinity exhibits a distinct spatial pattern associated with the tsunami wave termination zone rather than proximity to the present shoreline. Salt attack height is primarily controlled by building age and supported by soil salinity, while elevation, TWI, and drainage distance show no significant direct influence. Most buildings exhibit light to moderate levels of salt-attack damage, indicating an ongoing degradation process. These findings confirm that salt attack in Banda Aceh constitutes a long-term post-tsunami environmental impact and provide an empirical basis for developing mitigation and building management strategies in post-disaster coastal regions.