Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Rural urban fringe merupakan wilayah peralihan antara desa dan kota yang mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan secara dinamis seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk, perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi, dan perluasan wilayah perkotaan. perubahan tersebut menimbulkan pergeseran pada aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan di wilayah perbatasan antara kota dan desa (rural-urban fringe). dampaknya sangat terasa bagi masyarakat, khususnya para petani yang kehilangan sumber penghidupan akibat alih fungsi lahan sehingga mempengaruhi kesejahteraan masyarakat dikawasan rural urban fringe. kondisi ini menunjukkan pentingnya penelitian ini untuk memahami sejauh mana transformasi lahan memengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat di wilayah tersebut. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat di kawasan rural-urban fringe serta menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor transformasi lahan yang meliputi perluasan penduduk, perubahan mata pencaharian, pendapatan, harga lahan, dan kerentanan bencana terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi logistik ordinal. lokasi penelitian berada di perbatasan antara kota banda aceh dan kabupaten aceh besar, melibatkan 20 desa sampel yang dipilih melalui metode systematic sampling. sebanyak 500 kepala rumah tangga dijadikan responden. data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dan kuesioner, sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari badan pusat statistik dan instansi terkait. pengukuran kesejahteraan masyarakat mengacu pada indikator survei sosial ekonomi nasional (susenas) tahun 2017 yang mencakup aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, pendapatan, aset, pengeluaran, dan rasa aman. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat di kawasan rural-urban fringe banda aceh berada pada kategori sedang. kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kebutuhan dasar masyarakat telah terpenuhi, meskipun masih dijumpai keterbatasan, khususnya dalam hal keterampilan. berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik ordinal, variabel pertumbuhan penduduk, pendapatan, harga lahan, dan kerentanan bencana terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, sementara variabel perubahan mata pencaharian tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan. nilai nagelkerke r-square sebesar 0,587 mengindikasikan bahwa sebesar 58,7% variasi tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel yang digunakan dalam model, yang juga dinyatakan layak berdasarkan hasil uji goodness of fit, parallel lines, dan wald test. pertumbuhan penduduk menjadi faktor yang paling dominan karena mendorong terjadinya perubahan sosial ekonomi sekaligus membatasi akses masyarakat terhadap lahan produktif. temuan ini memperkuat bukti bahwa transformasi lahan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan kebijakan pembangunan yang menekankan pada pengelolaan tata ruang yang berkelanjutan serta penguatan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat di kawasan peralihan desa–kota.

The rural–urban fringe is a transitional area between rural and urban regions that experiences dynamic changes in land use along with population growth, the development of economic activities, and the expansion of urban areas. These changes lead to shifts in social, economic, and environmental aspects within the boundary between urban and rural areas (the rural–urban fringe). The impacts are strongly felt by local communities, particularly farmers who lose their sources of livelihood due to land-use conversion, thereby affecting community welfare in the rural–urban fringe. This condition highlights the importance of this study in understanding the extent to which land transformation influences the level of community welfare in the area. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the level of community welfare in the rural–urban fringe and to analyze the influence of land transformation factors, including population growth, changes in livelihood, income, land prices, and disaster vulnerability, on community welfare. This study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using ordinal logistic regression analysis. The research location is situated along the boundary between Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar Regency, involving 20 sample villages selected through systematic sampling. A total of 500 household heads were surveyed as respondents. Primary data were collected through interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency and relevant institutions. Community welfare was measured based on the 2017 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) indicators, which include education, health, income, assets, expenditures, and a sense of security. The results indicate that the level of community welfare in the rural–urban fringe of Banda Aceh falls into the moderate category. This condition suggests that most basic needs of the community have generally been fulfilled, although certain limitations remain, particularly in terms of skills. Based on the results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis, population growth, income, land prices, and disaster vulnerability have a significant effect on community welfare, while changes in livelihood do not show a significant effect. The Nagelkerke R-square value of 0.587 indicates that 58.7% of the variation in community welfare levels can be explained by the variables included in the model, which was also deemed appropriate based on the goodness-of-fit, parallel lines, and Wald test results. Population growth emerges as the most dominant factor, as it drives socio-economic changes while simultaneously limiting community access to productive land. These findings strengthen the evidence that land transformation has a significant impact on community welfare, emphasizing the need for development policies that prioritize sustainable spatial planning and the strengthening of community economic empowerment in rural–urban transitional areas.