Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Arthropoda yaitu hewan yang mempunyai kaki beruas-ruas dan tubuh bersegmen. arthropoda dibagi menjadi 4 kelas yaitu: kelas crustacea (golongan udang), kelas arachnida (golongan kalajengking dan laba-laba), kelas myriapoda (golongan luwing) dan kelas insekta (golongan serangga). arthropoda tanah merupakan hewan yang sebagian atau seluruh daur hidupnya berada di dalam atau permukaan tanah. arthropoda berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem, terutama dengan membantu mempertahankan ketersediaan unsur hara di tanah. umur tanaman dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah pada lahan ubi kayu (manihot esculenta) berdasarkan umur tanaman, yaitu pada umur 2 bulan dan 5 bulan. penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan ubi kayu di desa saree aceh, kecamatan lembah seulawah, kabupaten aceh besar. sedangkan identifikasi sampel arthropoda tanah dilakukan di laboratorium ilmu hama tumbuhan, fakultas pertanian, universitas syiah kuala, dari bulan maret hingga agustus 2025. penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan metode observasi. pengambilan sampel arthropoda tanah menggunakan metode perangkap jebak (pitfall trap) dan perangkap corong berlese (berlese tulgreen). perangkap pitfall trap diletakkan di lahan ubi kayu, pitfall trap dipasang mulai pukul 08.00 wib sampai keesokaan harinya (24 jam) yang digunakan sebanyak 25 buah titik pada lahan ubi kayu. selanjutnya tanah sampel untuk corong berlese sebanyak 5 titik pada masing-masing lokasi, kemudian pengamatan dilakukan 3 kali dengan interval waktu 14 hari. peubah yang diamati meliputi suhu, kelembapan, dan ph tanah, indeks keanekaragaman shannon-wiener, indeks kemerataan (e), indeks dominansi (c), dan indeks similaritas antar umur tanaman. perbedaan indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan dominansi arthropoda tanah antara umur yang berbeda dianalisis dengan uji t (α= 0,05). hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu, kelembapan, dan ph tanah pada lahan ubi kayu yang berumur 2 bulan suhu 32°c, kelembapan 39 % dan ph tanah 7. sedangkan umur 5 bulan suhu 30°c kelembapan 60 % dan ph tanah 7. komposisi jumlah individu arthropoda tanah pada lahan ubi kayu umur 2 bulan 610 individu dan umur 5 bulan 445 individu. indeks keanekaragaman (h’) arthropoda tanah pada lahan ubi kayu umur 2 bulan yaitu 0,52 dan umur 5 bulan yaitu 0,88. indeks kemerataan (e) arthropoda tanah pada lahan ubi kayu pada umur 2 bulan 0,43 dan umur 5 bulan 0,58. indeks dominansi (c) arthropoda tanah pada lahan ubi kayu pada umur 2 bulan 0,74 dan umur 5 bulan 0,57. indeks similaritas (is) arthropoda tanah umur 2 bulan dan umur 5 bulan 0,43. dapat disimpulkan bahwa keanekaragaman (h’) arhropoda tanah pada lahan ubi kayu pada umur 2 bulan dan 5 bulan sangat rendah pada kedua umur tanaman, menandakan komunitas tidak stabil, sementara kemerataan (e) sedang sehingga penyebaran individu cukup merata. komunitas arthropoda tanah pada lahan ubi kayu umur 2 bulan dan umur 5 bulan didominansi oleh anoplolepis gracilipes. indeks similaritas (is) sedang, menandakan kedua umur tanaman memiliki beberapa spesies yang sama dengan tingkat kemiripan cukup tinggi.

rthropods are animals with jointed legs and segmented bodies. Arthropods are divided into four classes: Crustacea (shrimp), Arachnida (scorpions and spiders), Myriapoda (luwings), and Insecta (insects). Soil arthropods are animals that spend part or all of their life cycle in or on the soil. Arthropods play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem balance, primarily by helping maintain nutrient availability in the soil. Plant age can influence soil arthropod diversity. This study aimed to determine soil arthropod diversity in cassava (Manihot esculenta) fields based on plant age, namely at 2 and 5 months. The study was conducted in cassava fields in Saree Aceh Village, Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar Regency. Identification of soil arthropod samples was conducted at the Plant Pest Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from March to August 2025. This study was descriptive and used observational methods. Soil arthropod sampling was conducted using pitfall traps and Berlese Tulgreen traps. Pitfall traps were placed in cassava fields from 8:00 a.m. WIB until the next day (24 hours), with 25 traps used in the cassava fields. Furthermore, soil samples for Berlese funnels were collected at 5 points at each location, and observations were conducted three times with a 14-day interval. Observed variables included soil temperature, humidity, and pH, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the evenness index (E), the dominance index (C), and the similarity index between plant ages. Differences in the diversity, evenness, and dominance indices of soil arthropods between different ages were analyzed using a t-test (α = 0.05). The results of the study showed that the temperature, humidity, and soil pH in 2-month-old cassava fields were 32°C, 39% humidity, and 7 soil pH. While at 5 months, the temperature was 30°C, 60% humidity, and 7 soil pH. The composition of the number of soil arthropod individuals in 2-month-old cassava fields was 610 individuals and 445 individuals at 5 months. The diversity index (H’) of soil arthropods in 2-month-old cassava fields was 0.52 and 0.88 at 5 months. The evenness index (E) of soil arthropods in 2-month-old cassava fields was 0.43 and 0.58 at 5 months. The dominance index (C) of soil arthropods in 2-month-old cassava fields was 0.74 and 0.57 at 5 months. The similarity index (IS) of soil arthropods at 2 months and 5 months was 0.43. It can be concluded that the diversity (H’) of soil arthropods in cassava fields at the age of 2 months and 5 months is very low at both plant ages, indicating an unstable community, while evenness (E) is moderate so that the distribution of individuals is quite even. The soil arthropod community in cassava fields at the age of 2 months and 5 months is dominated by Anoplolepis gracilipes. The similarity index (IS) is moderate, indicating that both plant ages have several species in common with a fairly high level of similarity.