Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kelapa sawit (elaeis guineensis jacq) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan yang memiliki peranan penting dalam membangun perekonomian indonesia. keanekaragaman arthropoda di perkebunan kelapa sawit berfungsi penting dalam ekosistem, baik sebagai penyerbuk, predator, dekomposer dan parasitoid. perbedaan fase pertumbuhan tanaman diduga mempengaruhi komposisi, kelimpahan, serta stabilitas kelompok arthropoda. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga pada perkebunan kelapa sawit fase tanaman belum menghasilkan (tbm) dan tanaman menghasilkan (tm). pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan pada bulan februari hingga juli 2025 di desa mukti makmur (tbm) dan desa makmur jaya (tm) kecamatan simpang kiri, kota subulussalam. pengumpulan arthropoda dilakukan di lahan umur 1,5 tahun dan lahan 10 tahun. pada masing-masing lahan dibuat plot pengamatan pada bagian tengah lahan tanaman kelapa sawit dengan luas 250 m x 250 m, dan jumlah tanaman pada setiap kelompok umur adalah 45 tanaman. penentuan posisi subplot pada lahan tanaman sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode diagonal. pada masing-masing setiap subplot diambil sebanyak 5 tanaman sampel untuk pemasangan perangkap. pengamatan dilakukan perangkap jebakan (pitfall trap), jaring serangga (insect net), dan perangkap perekat kuning (yellow sticky trap). sampel dimasukkan dalam botol sampel 50 ml yang berisikan alkohol 70% kemudian diidentifikasi secara morfologi di laboratorium pengendalian hayati fakultas pertanian universitas syiah kuala. pengamatan dilakukan terhadap (i) komposisi spesies, (ii) kelimpahan, (iii) indeks kekayaan spesies (margalef), (iv) indeks diversitas (h’), dan (v) indeks kemerataan (e). data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji t di program microsoft excel 2016 untuk membandingkan setiap parameter antara kedua tipe kebun kelapa sawit. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arthropoda (serangga dan laba-laba) yang ditemukan terdiri atas 10 ordo, 29 famili, dan 41 spesies. pada kebun tbm ditemukan 28 spesies dengan total 204 individu, sedangkan pada kebun tm ditemukan 23 spesies dengan total 90 individu. kelimpahan serangga pada perkebunan kelapa sawit pada pengamatan pertama tidak berbeda nyata (p=0,06, t=2,47, df=4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 20,2 dan 10,2. pada pengamatan kedua terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata dikedua tipe kebun (p=0,02, t=3,70, df=4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 20,6 dan 8,6. indeks kekayaan serangga pada perkebunan kelapa sawit tbm dan tm tidak berbeda nyata pada pengamatan pertama (p=0,97, t=0,03, df=4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 1,6 dan 1,5 sedangkan pada pengamatan kedua menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata indeks kekayaan cenderung serupa (p=0,81, t=-0,24, df=4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 1,81 dan 1,91. indeks diversitas serangga pada pengamatan pertama menunjukkan hasil tidak berbeda nyata (p=0,06, t=2,13, df=4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 0,19 dan 0,33 sedangkan pada pengamatan kedua menunjukkan hasil berbeda nyata (p=0,03, t=2,13, df=4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 0,21 dan 0,37. indeks kemerataan serangga pengamatan pertama tidak berbeda nyata (p=0,21, t=2,14, df=4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 0,11 dan 0,28 sedangkan rata-rata indeks kemerataan pengamatan kedua berbeda nyata (p=0,01, t= 2,13, df= 4), nilai rata-ratanya yaitu 0,12 dan 0,24. berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa fase pertumbuhan kelapa sawit berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman arthropoda. perkebunan tbm memiliki kelimpahan lebih tinggi, sedangkan perkebunan tm memiliki diversitas dan kemerataan yang lebih baik. penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah bagi pengelolaan hama dan pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati di perkebunan kelapa sawit.

Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is one of the superior plantation commodities that has an important role in building the Indonesian economy. Arthropod diversity in oil palm plantations serves as an important role in the ecosystem, both as pollinators, predators, decomposers and parasitoids. The difference in plant growth phase is thought to affect the composition, abundance, and stability of the arthropod group. This research aims to determine the diversity of insects in oil palm plantations in the stage of unproductive plants (TBM) and producing plants (TM). Sampling was carried out in February to July 2025 in Mukti Makmur Village (TBM) and Makmur Jaya Village (TM) Simpang Kiri District, Subulussalam City. Arthropod collection is carried out on 1.5-year-old land and 10-year-old land. On each land, an observation plot is made in the centre of the oil palm plant field with an area of 250 m x 250 m, and the number of plants in each age group is 45 plants. The determination of the subplot position on the research sample plant land is carried out using the diagonal method. In each subplot, 5 sample plants were taken for trap installation. Observations were carried out by pitfall traps, insect nets, and yellow sticky traps. The sample was placed in a 50 ml sample bottle containing 70% alcohol and then morphologically identified at the Biological Control Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. Observations are made on (i) species composition, (ii) abundance, (iii) species richness index (Margalef), (iv) diversity index (H*) and (v) equivalence index (E). The data obtained was analyzed using tests in the Microsoft Excel 2016 program to compare each parameter between the two types of oil palm plantations Research results show that arthropods (insects and spiders) found consist of 10 orders, 29 families, and 41 species. In the TBM garden, 28 species were found with a total of 204 individuals, while in the TM garden, 23 species were found with a total of 90 individuals. The abundance of insects in oil palm plantations in the first observation was not clearly different (P-0,06, t-2,47, df-4), the average value was 20,2 and 10.2 In the second observation there was a significant difference between the average in the two types of gardens (P=0,02, t-3,70, df-4), the average value was 20,6 and 8,6. The insect wealth index in TBM and TM palm oil plantations is not significantly different in the first observation (P-0,97, t-0.03, df-4), the average value is 1,6 and 1,5 while in the second observation shows that the average wealth index tends to be similar (P-0,81, t--0,24, df-4), the average value is 1,81 and 1,91. The insect diversity index in the first observation showed no real difference in the results (P-0,06, t-2,13, df-4). the average values were 0.19 and 0.33 while in the second observation showed different results (P=0,03, t=2,13, df-4), the average values were 0,21 and 0,37. The uniformity index of the first observation insect is not significantly different (P-0,21, t-2,14, df=4), the average value is 0,11 and 0,28 while the average index of the second observation equality index is clearly different (P=0,01, t= 2.13, df- 4), the average value is 0,12 and 0,24 Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the growth phase of palm oil affects the diversity of arthropods. TBM plantations have a higher abundance, while TM plantations have better diversity and evenness. This research is expected to provide scientific information for pest management and biodiversity preservation in oil palm plantations.