Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Hashimoto tiroiditis (ht) merupakan penyakit autoimun kronik pada kelenjar tiroid yang ditandai oleh inflamasi dan kerusakan jaringan tiroid secara bertahap. terapi konvensional umumnya hanya mengatasi gejala hipotiroidisme tanpa memperbaiki inflamasi karena disregulasi imun yang mendasarinya. buah tin (ficus carica l.) diketahui mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder dengan potensi antiinflamasi, namun mekanisme molekulernya terhadap ht belum dipelajari. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil farmakokinetik metabolit sekunder buah tin secara in silico, mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif yang berinteraksi dengan protein target ht melalui analisis network pharmacology, serta menjelaskan interaksi molekuler senyawa terhadap jalur inflamasi terkait ht. hasil skrining menunjukkan bahwa 5-hidroksimetilfurfural (5-hmf) β-sitosterol, melibiose, dan furaneol memiliki profil farmakokinetik yang baik serta aktivitas antiinflamasi adekuat. analisis jaringan interaksi protein mengungkap 47 target yang beririsan antara senyawa dan ht, dengan protein kunci seperti pik3r1, pik3cd, pik3ca, stat, dan egfr. analisis kegg menunjukkan keterlibatan signifikan jalur jak–stat, pi3k–akt, dan toll-like receptor (tlr) yang saling berinteraksi dalam mekanisme inflamasi dan kerusakan sel tiroid. senyawa aktif buah tin diprediksi mampu memodulasi aksis-aksis persinyalan tersebut secara multitarget dan sinergis sehingga berpotensi menormalkan respons imun serta melindungi jaringan tiroid dengan mencegah inflamasi kronik pada hashimoto tiroiditis.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation and the progressive destruction of thyroid tissue. Conventional therapy typically only treats the symptoms of hypothyroidism, rather than addressing the underlying immune dysregulation which leads to inflammation. The fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) contains various secondary metabolic compounds with anti-inflammatory potential, but the molecular mechanisms through which it acts against HT have not yet been studied. This study aims to analyse the in silico pharmacokinetic profile of fig fruit secondary metabolic compounds, identify those that interact with HT target proteins through network pharmacology analysis and elucidate their molecular interactions with HT-related inflammatory pathways. The screening findings demonstrated that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), β-sitosterol, melibiose, and furaneol possessed favourable pharmacokinetic profiles and sufficient anti-inflammatory properties. The analysis of protein interaction networks showed that there were 47 common targets for the compounds and HT, including key proteins such as PIK3R1, PIK3CD, PIK3CA, STAT, and EGFR. KEGG analysis revealed the JAK–STAT, PI3K–Akt, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways to be significantly implicated, highlighting their role in the processes of inflammation and thyroid cell impairment. It is predicted that the active compounds in figs will be able to modulate these signalling axes in a multitarget and synergistic manner. This could potentially normalise the immune response and protect thyroid tissue by preventing chronic inflammation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.