Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penerapan teori hukum progresif dalam pemenuhan nafkah isteri pasca cerai gugat pada mahkamah syariyyah banda aceh zihan fahira * iman jauhari ** muazzin *** abstrak pemenuhan nafkah isteri pasca cerai gugat masih menjadi isu hukum yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian dalam praktik peradilan di indonesia. ketentuan normatif seperti pasal 34 ayat (1) undang-undang nomor 1 tahun 1974 dan pasal 149 huruf (d) kompilasi hukum islam memang mengatur kewajiban suami memberi nafkah selama ikatan perkawinan berlangsung. namun, tidak ada regulasi yang secara eksplisit mengatur mengenai nafkah bagi isteri setelah putusan cerai gugat dijatuhkan. kekosongan hukum ini berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakadilan, terutama bagi pihak isteri yang tidak terbukti nusyuz namun tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum terkait nafkah pasca perceraian. meskipun terdapat pedoman melalui sema nomor 2 tahun 2019 dan yurisprudensi mahkamah agung, implementasinya belum seragam. putusan hakim sering kali berbeda antara satu perkara dengan yang lain, baik dalam hal mengabulkan, menolak, maupun mengabulkan sebagian tuntutan nafkah, sehingga memunculkan kebutuhan akan pendekatan hukum yang lebih progresif dan berkeadilan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar pertimbangan hukum majelis hakim mahkamah syar’iyyah banda aceh dalam memutus tuntutan nafkah isteri pasca cerai gugat, serta mengkaji penerapan teori hukum progresif metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). data sekunder diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer berupa undang-undang, kompilasi hukum islam, yurisprudensi, dan sema; bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur ilmiah, jurnal hukum, serta hasil wawancara langsung dengan tiga orang hakim mahkamah syar’iyyah banda aceh; dan bahan hukum tersier seperti kamus hukum dan ensiklopedia. data ini diperkuat dengan data lapangan berupa salinan putusan mahkamah syar’iyyah banda aceh. analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi pola pertimbangan hukum dan konsistensi penerapan prinsip hukum progresif. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan majelis hakim mahkamah syar’iyyah banda aceh dalam memutus nafkah isteri pasca cerai gugat didasarkan pada norma hukum positif seperti uu no. 1 tahun 1974, khi, sema no. 2 tahun 2019, dan asas hukum acara. hakim menolak tuntutan nafkah apabila isteri terbukti nusyuz atau jika tuntutan tidak dicantumkan dalam petitum karena terikat larangan memutus ultra petita. sebaliknya, jika isteri tidak terbukti nusyuz dan petitum memuat tuntutan nafkah, hakim dapat mengabulkan dengan mempertimbangkan fakta persidangan dan kemampuan ekonomi suami. dalam hal ini, hakim menerapkan asas judex facti, prinsip rechtsvinding, serta teori hukum progresif untuk menyesuaikan hukum dengan kondisi sosial-ekonomi para pihak guna mencapai keadilan substantif tanpa mengabaikan kepastian hukum formal. penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya harmonisasi regulasi terkait nafkah pasca cerai gugat dan perlunya mahkamah agung memperkuat pedoman bagi hakim agar pendekatan hukum progresif dapat diterapkan secara konsisten, adaptif, dan berorientasi pada keadilan sosial. kata kunci: hukum progresif, nafkah pasca cerai, keadilan substantif

THE APPLICATION OF LAW THEORY IN FULFILLING POST-DIVORCE MAINTENANCE FOR WIVES IN DIVORCE PETITION CASES AT THE MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYYAH BANDA ACEH Zihan Fahira * Iman Jauhari ** Muazzin *** ABSTRACT The fulfillment of post-divorce maintenance for wives in cases of divorce filed by the wife remains a legal issue that creates uncertainty in the judicial system in Indonesia. Normative provisions, such as Article 34 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 and Article 149 letter (d) of the Compilation of Islamic Law, regulate the husband’s obligation to provide maintenance only during the course of marriage. However, there is no explicit provision that governs the entitlement to maintenance for a wife after the divorce has been finalized in cases initiated by the wife. This legal gap has the potential to lead to injustice, especially for wives who are not proven to have committed disobedience or marital misconduct, but who are nonetheless left without legal protection regarding post-divorce financial support. Although supplementary instruments such as Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 2 of 2019 and Supreme Court jurisprudence exist, their implementation remains inconsistent. Judicial decisions vary some fully grant, partially grant, or deny such claims thus highlighting the need for a more progressive and justice-oriented legal approach This research aims to analyze the legal reasoning adopted by the panel of judges at the Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Banda Aceh in adjudicating claims for postdivorce maintenance filed by wives, as well as to examine the application of progressive legal theory in these case. The research employed a normative juridical method using statute, conceptual, and case approaches. Secondary data were obtained from primary legal materials such as statutes, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), jurisprudence, and Supreme Court Circular Letters (SEMA); secondary legal materials including scholarly literature, legal journals, and direct interviews with three judges of the Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Banda Aceh; and tertiary legal materials such as legal dictionaries and encyclopedias. These were supported by field data in the form of selected court decisions issued by the Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Banda Aceh. The data were analyzed qualitatively to identify patterns of judicial reasoning and the consistency of progressive legal principles in judicial decisions. The findings reveal that the panel of judges at the Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Banda Aceh bases its decisions on the provision of post-divorce maintenance for wives on positive legal norms, including Law No. 1 of 1974, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 2 of 2019, and procedural law principles. The judges reject maintenance claims if the wife is proven to have committed nusyuz (wife’s disobedience) or if the claim is not explicitly included in the petitum, due to the procedural constraint of the ultra petita rule. Conversely, if the wife is not proven to have committed nusyuz and the maintenance claim is properly stated in the petitum, the court may grant the claim after considering the facts presented in trial and the husband’s financial capacity. In such cases, the judges apply the principle of judex facti, the doctrine of rechtsvinding, and the progressive legal theory to align legal norms with the socio-economic context of the parties, thereby striving to achieve substantive justice without disregarding formal legal certainty. This study recommends that judges consistently adopt a progressive legal approach by considering the socio economic conditions of the parties involved. Regulatory harmonization is also necessary to ensure comprehensive and equitable legal protection for former wives. Keywords: Progressive Law, Post Divorce Maintenance, Substantive Justice