Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tumbuhan sarang semut merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat indonesia untuk pengobatan beragam penyakit. tumbuhan sarang semut ini termasuk dalam famili rubiaceae dan hanya lima genera yang memiliki umbi yaitu anthorrhiza, hydnophytum, myrmecodia, myrmephytum, dan squamellaria. salah satu spesies dari genus myrmecodia dan hydnophytum telah ditemukan di provinsi aceh yaitu myrmecodia tuberosa jack (aceh jaya) dan hydnophytum formicarum jack (aceh besar). penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen kimia hasil ekstraksi ekstrak metanol umbi tumbuhan sarang semut (myrmecodia tuberosa jack) asal aceh jaya dan (hydnophytum formicarum jack) aceh besar yang kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan metode skrining fitokimia, fourier transform-infrared (ft-ir), dan gas chromatoghraphy-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms), dan mengetahui nilai ic50 , kadar total fenolik, kadar total flavonoid yang terkandung dalam ekstrak metanol serta melihat aktivitas penghambatan enzim a-glucosidase dan a-amilase dari ekstrak metanol umbi tumbuhan sarang semut asal aceh. selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian secara in vivo dengan tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak umbi tumbuhan sarang semut terhadap kadar glukosa darah, gambaran histopalogi pankreas dan hati, serta gangguan reproduksi jantan yang tercermin pada kualitas spermatozoa, morfometri testis dan epididimis tikus rattus norvegicus jantan diabetes melitus yang diinduksi aloksan dan pakan tinggi lemak. perlakuan pada hewan coba terdiri dari p0 (perlakuan normal), p1 (induksi diabetes melitus dan pakan tinggi lemak), p2 (terapi ekstrak umbi sarang semut 100 mg/kg bb), dan p3 (terapi ekstrak umbi sarang semut 200 mg/kg bb). hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut (myrmecodia tuberosa jack) asal aceh jaya mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid. hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut (hydnophytum formicarum jack) asal aceh besar mengandung flavonoid, tanin, dan terpenoid. kedua ekstrak metanol umbi ini memenuhi parameter spesifik dan non-spesifik simplisia dan ekstrak. hasil analisis gcms menyatakan bahwa ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut asal aceh jaya mengandung senyawa utama 2h-oxecin-2-one, 3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-10-methyl-,[4s(4r*,5e,10s*)]- 50,63%, trans-13-octadecenoic acid – 6,91%, stigmasterol 5,36%, dan n-hexadecanoic acid 4,96%. hasil analisis gc-ms ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut asal aceh besar mengandung senyawa utama resorcinol 17.92%, 2(5h)-furanone 14,3%, n-hexadecanoic acid 10,58%, cis-vaccenic acid 8,11%, dan linoelaidic acid 1,84%. hasil analisis ft-ir menunjukkan hasil spektrum ft-ir ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut aceh jaya mengandung gugus o-h, c-h, c=o, c=c alkena, dan c=c aromatic. ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut aceh besar mengandung gugus o-h, c-h, c=o, c=c alkena, dan c=c aromatik. selanjutnya hasil uji antioksidan menggunakan metode dpph diperoleh nilai ic50, untuk ekstrak metanol hydnophytum formicarum jack 9,217 ppm dan myrmecodia tuberosa jack 10,726 ppm. kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid untuk hydnophytum formicarum jack. dan myrmecodia tuberosa jack berturut sebagai berikut 230,27 mg gae/g dan 222,43 mg gae/g, dan 8,48 mg qe/g dan 8,62 mg qe/g. hasil penetapan kadar total alkaloid ekstrak metanol sarang semut asal aceh diperoleh 10.09±0.2 mg ce/g untuk hydnophytum formicarum jack, dan 7.45±0.0 mg ce/g untuk myrmecodia tuberosa jack. hasil uji aktivitas inhibisi alpha-amilase dan alphaglukosidase dari ekstrak metanol umbi hydnophytum formicarum jack dan myrmecodia tuberosa jack berturut nilai ic50 adalah 297,4877 ppm dan 207,155 ppm; 109,3768 ppm dan 71,10 ppm. berdasarkan hasil analisis kimia, umbi sarang semut asal aceh menunjukkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat alami. hasil uji in vivo setelah terapi ekstrak metanol umbi tumbuhan sarang semut (hydnophytum formicarum jack) memberikan data kadar glukosa tikus putih (rattus norvegicus) perlakuan (rata-rata ± sd; mg/dl) pada p0, p1, p2 dan p3 berturut-turut sebagai berikut 100,60 ± 26,46a; 405,80 ± 14,35c; 164,00 ± 15,56b; dan 164,60 ± 28,11b (p

The ant nest plants plant is one of the medicinal plants used by the Indonesian people for the treatment of various diseases. These ant nest plants plants belong to the Rubiaceae family and only five genera have tubers, namely Anthorrhiza, Hydnophytum, Myrmecodia, Myrmephytum, and Squamellaria. One species of the genus Myrmecodia and Hydnophytum has been found in Aceh Province, namely Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack (Aceh Jaya) and Hydnophytum formicarum Jack (Aceh Besar). This study aims to identify the chemical components of the extraction of methanol extracts of tubers of ant nest plants plants (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack) from Aceh Jaya and (Hydnophytum formicarum Jack) Aceh Besar which are then identified using phytochemical screening methods, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), and Gas Chromatoghraphy-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), and determine the IC50 value, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content contained in methanol extracts and see the inhibitory activity of a-glucosidase and a-amylase enzymes from methanol extracts of ant nest plants plant tubers from Aceh. Furthermore, in vivo testing was carried out with the aim of seeing the effect of giving ant nest plants plant tuber extract on blood glucose levels, histopathological images of the pancreas and liver, and male reproductive disorders reflected in spermatozoa quality, testicular morphometry and epididymis of diabetic male Rattus norvegicus rats induced by alloxan and high-fat feed. The treatment of experimental animals consists of P0 (normal treatment), P1 (induction of diabetes melitus and high-fat feed), P2 (therapy of ant nest plants tuber extract 100 mg/kg bw), and P3 (therapy of ant nest plants tuber extract 200 mg/kg bw). The results of phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract of ant nest plants tubers (Myrmecodia tuberosa) from Aceh Jaya contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract of ant nest plants tubers (Hydnophytum formicarum) from Aceh Besar contained flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. Both methanol extracts of these tubers meet the specific and nonspecific parameters of simplisia and extracts. GC-MS analysis revealed that the methanol extract of ant nest plants tubers from Aceh Jaya contained the main compound 2H-Oxecin2-one, 3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-10-methyl-,[4S-(4R*,5E,10S*)]- 50.63%, trans13-Octadecenoic acid – 6,91%, Stigmasterol 5,36%, and n-Hexadecanoic acid 4,96%. GCMS analysis of methanol extract of ant nest plants tubers from Aceh Besar contains the main compound resorcinol 17.92%, 2(5H)-Furanone 14,3%, n-Hexadecanoic acid 10,58%, cis-Vaccenic acid 8,11%, and Linoelaidic acid 1,84%. The results of FT-IR analysis showed that the FT-IR spectra of methanol extracts of Aceh Jaya ant nest plants tubers contained O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkene, and C=C aromatic groups. Methanol extracts of Aceh Besar ant nest plants tubers contained O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkene, C=C aromatic groups. Furthermore, the results of antioxidant tests using the DPPH method obtained IC50 values, for methanol extracts of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack 9.217 ppm and Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack 10.726 ppm. Total phenolic and flavonoid levels for Hydnophytum formicarum Jack and Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack were 230.27 mg GAE/g and 222.43 mg GAE/g, respectively, and 8.48 mg QE/g and 8.62 mg QE/g. The test results of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack and Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack tuber extracts respectively IC50 values are 297.4877 ppm and 207.155 ppm; 109.3768 ppm and 71.10 ppm. Based on the chemical analysis conducted, it is known that Aceh ant nest plants tubers have good potential as medicinal raw materials. The results of in vivo tests after ant nest plants methanol extract therapy (Hydnophytum formicarum) provide data on glucose levels of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) treatment (mean ± SD; mg/dL) in P0, P1, P2 and P3 respectively as follows 100.60 ± v 26.46a; 405.80 ± 143.35c; 164.00 ± 15.56b; and 164.60 ± 28.11b (p