Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi, evaluasi, serta efek toksisitas sediaan essential oil-nanosulfur-nanoemulsions (peo-s nanoemulsions). evaluasi ukuran partikel peo-s-nanoemulsios ditentukan menggunakan alat particle size analyzer (psa). metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas sediaan peo-s-nanoemulsions adalah zebrafish toxicity (zft). uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan mengamati beberapa parameter seperti berat ikan, panjang ikan, specific growth rate (sgr), specific length rate (slr), respon perilaku (hiperaktif, kehilangan keseimbangan, sekresi lendir, serta depigmentasi), frekuensi bukaan operkulum, ph, suhu, dan dissolved oxygen (do) selama 96 jam (4 hari). hasil evaluasi sediaan peo-s-nanoemulsion menunjukkan bahwa semua formula (f0; f1; dan f2) memiliki transparansi yang rendah, stabil, homogen, ph berkisar antara 6.0-6.6 serta memiliki tipe emulsi minyak dalam air (m/a), evaluasi ukuran sediaan f0; f1; dan f2 dianalisis menggunakan particle size analyzer (psa) mempunyai ukuran partikel berturut-turut sebesar 43; 405; dan 428 nm. hasil uji toksisitas sediaan peo-s-nanoemulsions menunjukkan bahwa sediaan f2 memiliki efek toksisitas paling tinggi terhadap ikan zebra (danio rerio) dibandingkan dengan sediaan f0 dan f1. hal ini ditunjukkan dengan perubahan perilaku yang terlihat jelas seperti hiperaktivitas, kehilangan keseimbangan, sekresi lender, serta depigmentasi. hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa sediaan f2 meningkatkan frekuensi bukaan operkulum hingga lebih dari 130 kali/menit serta memiliki persen mortalitas tertinggi yaitu sebesar 27.29%. kata kunci: patchouli oil, peo-s-nanoemulsions, zebrafish toxicity, danio rerio.

This study aims to determine the formulation, evaluation, and toxicity effects of Patchouli Oil-Nanosulfur-Nanoemulsions (PEO-S-Nanoemulsions) preparations. The size of PEO-S-Nanoemulsions was determined using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The method used to determine the toxicity effects of PEO-S Nanoemulsions preparations is Zebrafish Toxicity (ZFT). Toxicity tests were carried out by observing several parameters such as fish weight, fish length, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Specific Length Rate (SLR), behavioral responses (hyperactivity, loss of balance, mucus secretion, and depigmentation), operculum opening frequency, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) for 96 hours (4 days). The results of the evaluation of PEO-S-Nanoemulsion preparations showed that all formulas (F0; F1 and F2) had low transparency, were stable, homogeneous, pH ranged from 6.0-6.6 and had an oil-in-water (O/A) emulsion type, evaluation of the size of the F0; F1; and F2 preparations were analyzed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) having particle sizes of 43; 405; and 428 nm. The results of the toxicity test of PEO-S Nanoemulsions preparations showed that F2 preparation had the highest toxicity effect on zebrafish (Danio rerio) compared to F0 and F1 preparations. This was indicated by visible behavioral changes such as hyperactivity, loss of balance, mucus secretion, and depigmentation. The results also showed that F2 preparation increased the frequency of operculum opening to more than 130 times/minute and had the highest mortality rate of 27.29%. Keywords: Patchouli oil, PEO-S-Nanoemulsions, zebrafish toxicity, Danio rerio.