Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Sebagai salah satu negara dengan bandara tersibuk kedua di asia tenggara dan negara anggota international civil aviation organization (icao), indonesia memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menjamin keselamatan penerbangan. pasal 4.5 annex 6 icao menegaskan bahwa pilot bertanggung jawab penuh atas keselamatan pengoperasian pesawat udara. dalam hukum nasional, setiap orang dilarang menerbangkan pesawat dengan cara yang membahayakan keselamatan pesawat, penumpang, kargo, dan dapat dikenai sanksi apabila melanggar. menurut data european union aviation safety agency (easa), sebanyak 50% pilot mengalami kelelahan (pilot fatigue) sehingga tertidur saat bertugas, dan hanya 20–30% yang melaporkan kondisi tersebut secara jujur. fenomena ini terjadi karena ketakutan terhadap sanksi administratif dan sikap mengabaikan standar keselamatan akibat persepsi bahwa mereka memiliki kekebalan hukum serta adanya overlapping aturan hukum. tujuan penulisan skripsi ini untuk menjelaskan pengaturan standar keselamatan penerbangan pada pilot fatigue menurut hukum internasional dan nasional, serta untuk menjelaskan pengaturan sanksi terhadap pilot fatigue dalam standar keselamatan penerbangan berdasarkan hukum internasional dan nasional. penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). data dianalisis secara kualitatif. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan internasional mengenai keselamatan penerbangan tercantum dalam annex 1, 2, 6, dan 19 icao, sedangkan secara nasional diatur dalam undang-undang nomor 1 tahun 2009 tentang penerbangan serta sejumlah peraturan teknis seperti permenhub. pengaturan saksi terhadap pilot fatigue berdasarkan pasal 37 konvensi chicago 1944 diserahkan kepada masing-masing negara anggota icao. namun, penetapan sanksi terhadap pilot fatigue di indonesia masih belum optimal sebab ditemukan pengaturan yang overlapping dan repetitif antara regulasi nasional dengan internasional sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. oleh karena itu, pemberian sanksi sebaiknya ditetapkan secara proporsional berdasarkan tingkat kelalaian dan akibatnya yang ditimbulkan, baik melalui sanksi administratif, perdata, maupun pidana. penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi nasional terkait manajemen kelelahan pilot secara spesifik melalui adopsi fatigue risk management system (frms) ke dalam standar keselamatan nasional, serta melakukan keseragaman terhadap penetapan sanksi bagi pilot fatigue secara jelas, transparan dan konsisten dalam peristiwa yang melanggar keselamatan penerbangan sesuai dengan standar keselamatan internasional.

As one of the countries with the second busiest airport in Southeast Asia and a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Indonesia bears the responsibility of ensuring aviation safety. Article 4.5 of ICAO Annex 6 affirms that pilots are fully responsible for the safe operation of aircraft. Under national law, it is prohibited for anyone to operate an aircraft in a manner that endangers the safety of the aircraft, passengers, or cargo, and violations are subject to sanctions. According to data from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), approximately 50% of pilots experience fatigue leading to in-flight sleep, yet only 20–30% report such conditions honestly. This phenomenon is driven by fear of administrative sanctions and a tendency to neglect safety standards due to a perceived legal immunity and overlapping legal provisions. This thesis aims to explain the regulation of aviation safety standards concerning pilot fatigue under both international and national law, as well as to describe how sanctions related to pilot fatigue are regulated within aviation safety standards based on international and national legal frameworks. This research employs a normative juridical method, using a case approach and a statute approach. The data are analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that international regulations on aviation safety are outlined in ICAO Annexes 1, 2, 6, and 19, while at the national level, they are regulated by Law Number 1 of 2009 on Aviation and several technical regulations such as those issued by the Ministry of Transportation. According to Article 37 of the 1944 Chicago Convention, the imposition of sanctions for pilot fatigue is delegated to each ICAO member state. However, in Indonesia, the enforcement of sanctions for pilot fatigue remains suboptimal due to overlapping and repetitive provisions between national and international regulations, which results in legal uncertainty. Therefore, sanctions should be imposed proportionally based on the level of negligence and its consequences, through administrative, civil, or criminal penalties. This study recommends strengthening national regulations on pilot fatigue management by specifically adopting the Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) into national safety standards, as well as harmonizing the imposition of sanctions for pilot fatigue in a clear, transparent, and consistent manner in cases that violate aviation safety, in accordance with international safety standards.