Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Fadlan hidayat. sintesis bioplastik berbasis pati biji kluwih (artocarpus camansi) dan karagenan dengan bahan pengisi selulosa nanofiber, dibawah bimbingan prof. dr. ir. eti indarti, m. sc sebagai promotor, prof. dr. nasrul, s. t., m. t sebagai ko-promotor i dan prof. dr. rahmi, s.si., m. si sebagai ko-promotor ii. penggunaan plastik sintetik sebagai bahan pengemas secara massif dilakukan karena memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik dan ringan. namun, plastik sintetik sulit terurai dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan alternatif ramah lingkungan seperti bioplastik berbasis pati. penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 tahapan, tahap i, isolasi pati dari biji kluwih (artocarpus camansi), yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. proses isolasi dilakukan dengan larutan natrium metabisulfit (na2s2o5) dan digunakan sebagai bahan dasar bioplastik. metode yang digunakan meliputi isolasi pati biji kluwih melalui perendaman dalam na2s2o5 dengan konsentrasi berbeda (600, 800, dan 1000 ppm). diperoleh pati dengan katakteristik terbaik pada penggunaan larutan na2s2o5 800 ppm, dengan kadar pati 54,87%, kadar air 5,65 – 6,65%, dan kadar amilosa 27,07 – 30,80%. penelitian tahap ii isolasi selulosa nanofiber bakteri (cnf) dari nata de coco dengan tempo oksidasi dan ultrasonikasi. cnf kemudian dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan pengisi pada pembuatan bioplastik untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik. cnf yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran rata-rata 80 nm dengan stabilitas dispersi yang baik. kemudian, penelitian tahap iii, pembuatan bioplastik dengan memvariasikan komposisi pati, karagenan dan cnf menggunakan desain eksperimen response surface methodology (rsm) dengan persamaan polynomial untuk menentukan komposisi optimal. penambahan karagenan dan cnf secara signifikan meningkatkan kekuatan tarik bioplastik hingga 12,08 kgf/mm2, dengan detail komposisi pati 1,5 g, karagenan 3 g, dan cnf 0,18 g. bioplastik berbasis pati biji kluwih yang diperkuat dengan karagenan dan cnf memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik. bioplastik yang diperoleh memiliki nilai wvp yang cukup rendah mengindikasikan sifat hidrofilik bioplastik yang tinggi. dengan demikian bioplastik ini berpotensi besar untuk digunakan sebagai pengemas bahan makanan yang kering dan menggantikan plastik konvensional.

FADLAN HIDAYAT. Synthesis of Bioplastic Based on Kluwih Seed Starch (Artocarpus Camansi) and Carrageenan with Cellulose Nanofiber Filler, Under supervising Prof. Dr. Ir. Eti Indarti, M. Sc as Supervisor, Prof. Dr. Nasrul, S. T., M. T as Co- Supervisor I and Prof. Dr. Rahmi, S.Si., M. Si as Co- Supervisor II. Synthetic plastics are widely used as packaging materials due to their strength, flexibility, and light weight. However, these plastics are difficult to degrade and have the potential to pollute the environment, thus requiring environmentally friendly alternatives such as starch-based bioplastics. The present study conducted of three stages. In first stage, starch was isolated from kluwih seeds (Artocarpus camansi), which have not been optimally utilized. The isolation process was conducted using sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) solution and the starch produced was used as the base material for bioplastics development. The methods involved the isolation of starch from kluwih seeds by soaking them in Na2S2O5 solutions at different concentrations (600, 800, and 1000 ppm). The starch with the best characteristics was obtained using a Na2S2O5 solution (800 ppm), with 54.87% of starch, moisture, and amylose content, ranging from 5.65% to 6.65%, 27.07% to 30.80%, respectively. Stage II involved the isolation of bacterial cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from nata de coco through TEMPO oxidation followed by ultrasonication. The CNF was then utilized as a filler in the bioplastic formulation to enhance its mechanical properties. The resulting CNF had an average size of 80 nm with good dispersion stability. In Stage III, bioplastic was prepared by varying the composition of starch, carrageenan, and CNF using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experimental design using polynomial equation to determine the optimal composition (with highest mechanical properties). The addition of carrageenan and CNF significantly improved the tensile strength of the bioplastic, reaching 12.08 kgf/mm2, with the optimal composition consisting of 1.5, 3 and 0.18 g of starch, carrageenan, and CNF, respectively. Starch-based bioplastics reinforced with carrageenan and CNF exhibited good mechanical properties. The bioplastics obtained had a relatively low water vapor permeability (WVP) value, indicating high hydrophilic properties. Therefore, this bioplastic shows great potential for use as packaging for dry food products and as a substitute for conventional plastics.