Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ringkasan zuraida. assessment kualitas tanah dan diagnosis hara serta pengembangan paket pemupukan, ameliorasi, dan bioteknologi untuk meningkatkan produksi nilam aceh (pogostemon cablin benth.) di bawah bimbingan sufardi sebagai promotor, helmi sebagai ko-promotor i dan yadi jufri sebagai ko-promotor ii. nilam aceh (pogostemon .cablin benth.) adalah tanaman penghasil produk unggulan minyak nilam (patchouly oil) yang diperdagangkan di pasar internasional dengan harga yang tinggi. indonesia adalah salah satu negara pemasok minyak nilam (patchouly oil) terbesar di dunia yaitu berkisar 70-90% yang mencapai 2.220 ton per tahun (estimasi ditjen perkebunan). beberapa wilayah yang menjadi sentra produksi nilam di indonesia pada tahun 2022 adalah sulawesi tenggara, sumatera utara, sumatera barat, aceh, dan jambi (kementerian pertanian republik indonesia, 2024). wilayah aceh memiliki potensi sebagai lokasi pengembangan nilam (p.cablin benth) dan telah ditetapkan sebagai daerah sentra utama pengembangan nilam di indonesia (https:// serambi.com, 25/8/2021). minyak nilam yang berasal dari aceh memiliki kualitas paling baik di pasar internasional, karena memiliki aroma yang spesifik dibandingkan dengan nilam dari daerah lain. namun dari data produksi tiga tahun terakhir (2021-2024) produksi nilam di aceh masih fluktuatif dan belum stabil, kondisi serupa juga dialami di beberapa daerah produksi nilam di indonesia. ketidakstabilan produksi nilam ini dipengaruhi berbagai faktor, antara lain rendahnya kesuburan tanah dan optimalisasi lahan untuk budidaya nilam, serta tidak dilakukannya pemupukan dan pengelolaan kesuburan tanah sehingga produksi nilam belum meningkat secara signifikan. penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menetapkan indeks kualitas tanah di wilayah pengembangan nilam dan mengidentifikasi faktor pembatas hara terhadap pertumbuhan, serapan hara nilam aceh (p. cablin benth) dan status hara tanah, serta mengkaji bentuk pengelolaan hara untuk mengatasi faktor pembatas hara tersebut. penetapan kualitas tanah telah dilakukan pada tanah inceptisol dan tanah ultisol di wilayah pengembangan nilam aceh. penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan menggunakan metode survai/ observasi lapangan yaitu pengamatan biofisik lahan serta pengambilan sampel tanah, kemudian dilanjutkan analisis di laboratorium dan perhitungan indeks kualitas tanah. pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan menurut satuan lahan yang ditetapkan dengan overlay beberapa peta dasar (peta administrasi, peta jenis tanah, peta penggunaan lahan, dan peta lereng) di wilayah penelitian. tanah inceptisol diambil di kecamatan lhoong, kabupaten aceh besar sebanyak 16 titik dalam 6 satuan lahan (sl) dengan luas wilayah 1.325,26 ha dan 14 titik dalam 2 sl pada tanah ultisol di kecamatan panga, kabupaten aceh jaya dengan luas daerah kajian 1.586,44 ha. sampel tanah diambil dari beberapa jenis penggunaan lahan dan masing-masing berada dalam dua kelas lereng yaitu 0-8% dan 8-15%. sampel tanah diambil di kedalaman 0-20 cm untuk dianalisis sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi sebagai indikator dalam perhitungan indeks kualitas tanah. penetapan kualitas tanah dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria mausbach dan seybold (1998). secara umum tanah inceptisol dari lhoong, aceh besar memiliki fraksi liat lebih tinggi dari fraksi pasir dan debu dengan tekstur bervariasi liat hingga lempung berpasir. bulk density (bd) tanah masih pada kisaran normal yaitu antara 1,14 hingga 1,49 g cm-³. bulk density berkorelasi negatif sangat kuat (r=-095**) dengan porositas. nilai ph tanah berkisar antara 5,3 hingga 6,4, yang tergolong masam hingga agak masam. kandungan c-organik bervariasi dari 0,95% hingga 4,4% dengan status sangat rendah hingga tinggi. n-total tanah berkisar rendah hingga tinggi yang berkorelasi positif sangat kuat dengan c-organik (r=0,93**). kandungan p-tersedia berada dalam rentang 3,48 – 7,18 mg kg-1 tergolong sangat rendah hingga sedang. status k-dd, ca-dd, dan mg-dd dalam tanah inceptisol bervariasi, beberapa di antaranya menunjukkan tingkat yang sangat tinggi. nilai ca-dd dan mg-dd yang tinggi pada beberapa sampel menunjukkan potensi kesuburan tanah yang tinggi. respirasi tanah sebagai indikator aktivitas mikroba pada tanah inceptisol berkisar antara 0,36-7,04 mg c-co2 kg-1 hari-1 yang memiliki korelasi positif sedang dengan c-organik (r=0,55*) dan nitrogen total (r=0,43*). hal ini menunjukkan bahwa mikroorganisme sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan bahan organik dan nitrogen. tanah ultisol yang berasal dari panga, aceh jaya bertekstur liat, umumnya memiliki kadar liat > 50%. nilai bulk density bervariasi dari 1,34–1,54 g cm-³, yang berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan akar. bulk density berkorelasi negatif sangat kuat (r= -0,88**) dengan porositas yang berkisar antara 41,7– 49,4% dimana keduanya sangat mempengaruhi respirasi tanah. respirasi tanah ultisol panga berkisar 1,23- 5,23 mg c-co2 kg-1 hari-1 dengan nilai ph pada kisaran 3,8–4,8 (sangat masam hingga masam). kandungan karbon organik rendah (1,0 -2,0%). demikian juga nitrogen total berkisar sangat rendah hingga sedang (0,08-0,26%). fosfor tersedia di tanah ultisol menunjukkan cukup bervariasi (3,57–7,35 mg kg-¹), yang umumnya tergolong rendah, hanya pada u8 dan u11 yang tergolong sedang. status k-dd, ca-dd, dan mg-dd tanah ultisol, aceh jaya lebih kecil dari inceptisol, lhoong. nilai-nilai kation basa sangat rendah, terutama k-dd (rata-rata 0,27 cmol(+)kg-¹), sedangkan mg-dd sangat bervariasi berkisar rendah hingga tinggi (u2,u5,u6, dan u12) dan ca-dd umumnya rendah. nilai indeks kualitas tanah (ikt) inceptisol dan ultisol, berkisar antara 0,37 (rendah) hingga 0,64 (baik). nilai ikt tanah inceptisol yang baik dijumpai pada hutan lahan kering sekunder (0,62 dan 0,64), semak belukar mendapatkan nilai indeks kualitas tanah sedang (0,53 dan 0,59), dan ikt inceptisol pada pertanian lahan kering memiliki indeks kualitas tanah yang rendah (0,37) pada lereng 0-8% dan sedang (0,47) pada lereng 8-15%. hal ini terjadi karena kegiatan budidaya lebih intensif dilakukan pada lahan yang datar, sehingga menurunkan kualitas tanah. nilai ikt ultisol adalah sedang pada kedua kelas lereng (0,42 dan 0,47). meskipun ultisol yang secara alami bersifat masam dan miskin hara, tetapi tetap mampu mencapai nilai ikt sedang dengan praktek pengelolaan tanah yang baik dan tidak merusak fungsi tanah. dengan demikian tanah inceptisol, aceh besar dan ultisol, aceh jaya masih sangat potensial digunakan untuk lahan pengembangan nilam. penelitian diagnosis hara juga telah dilakukan dengan perlakuan pemupukan metode omission trial. dua perlakuan digunakan sebagai kontrol, yaitu tanpa aplikasi pupuk (co) dan pupuk hara makro lengkap (c). enam perlakuan lainnya adalah pemupukan hara makro lengkap tanpa -n (c-n), -p (c-p), -k (c-k), -ca (c-ca), -mg (c-mg), dan -s (c-s). dosis pupuk yang digunakan adalah urea 142 kg ha-1 (63,9 kg n ha-1), sp-36, 35 kg ha-1 (12,6 kg p2o5 ha-1=8,6 kg p ha-1), kcl 70 kg ha-1 (29 kg k ha-1), mgo 67,5 kg ha-1 (40,5 kg mg ha-1), 82,2 kg cao ha-1 (58,7 kg ca ha-1) dan 30 kg s ha-1. percobaan pemupukan omission pada tanaman nilam dibuat 2 seri yang dilakukan di kebun percobaan dan diamati pertumbuhannya (tinggi tanaman, karakteristik daun, berat berangkasan basah dan berat berangkasan kering tajuk dan akar), kadar hara tanaman (n,p,k,ca,mg), dan status hara tanah (n-total, p-tersedia, k-dd, ca-dd dan mg-dd). dilakukan pengamatan terhadap parameter pertumbuhan pada 14, 28, 56, 84 dan 112 hari setelah pindah tanam (hspt), kadar hara tanaman pada 84 hspt dan status hara tanah pada 112 hspt. percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan yang menggunakan uji f dan uji lanjut duncan’s multiple range test (dmrt) pada taraf 5%. hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemupukan omission berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan dan produksi biomassa nilam pada inceptisol. menurut pola pertumbuhan dan produksi biomassa dengan perlakuan pemupukan omission, perlakuan tanpa hara (c0), tanpa pupuk-n (c-n), -k (c-k), -p (c-p), dan-ca (c-ca) cenderung memberikan respon pertumbuhan yang lebih rendah dari pemupukan lengkap. berdasarkan ratio tajuk-akar kering, ditemukan nitrogen sebagai hara yang menjadi faktor pembatas utama untuk tanaman nilam pada inceptisol . kadar hara n,p,k,ca dan mg daun nilam pada 84 hspt akibat pemupukan omission di tanah inceptisol berpengaruh secara signifikan. kadar hara nitrogen dan kalium dengan pemupukan omission menunjukkan kriteria rendah hingga sedang, dan tidak meningkat dengan pemupukan lengkap. pemupukan lengkap meningkatkan kadar hara p, ca dan mg, namun belum memenuhi kriteria cukup untuk kadar p dan ca tanaman, sedangkan kadar mg tergolong tinggi meskipun pada pemupukan omission-mg. oleh karena itu hara mg tidak menjadi faktor pembatas hara bagi tanaman nilam di inceptisol, aceh besar. dengan pemupukan lengkap sudah mencukupi kebutuhan hara ca bagi tanaman nilam (0,4 %), tetapi pemupukan omission ca (c-ca) menurunkan kadar ca hingga status rendah (0,33%) sehingga ca juga menjadi faktor pembatas pada tanaman nilam di inceptisol. status hara tanah mencerminkan kecukupan hara bagi tanaman. status hara n-total dan k-dd tanah inceptisol dengan pemupukan omission tergolong rendah hingga sedang, p-tersedia umumnya sangat rendah hingga rendah, ca-dd tergolong rendah, sedangkan mg-dd tinggi. dengan demikian hara yang menjadi faktor pembatas terhadap pertumbuhan, dan produksi biomassa nilam pada tanah inceptisol adalah nitrogen, fosfor, kalium dan kalsium. berbeda halnya dengan ultisol, perlakuan pemupukan omission berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 84 dan 112 hspt, karakteristik daun (jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun, serta luas daun) dan produksi biomassa nilam (berat tajuk segar, tajuk kering dan berat akar segar). pemupukam omission menunjukkan respon pertumbuhan dan biomasssa yang rendah pada semua perlakuan, yaitu pemupukan lengkap tanpa- n (f-n), -p (f-p), -k (f-k), -ca (f-ca) dan -mg (f-mg), kecuali f-s. gejala defisiensi hara muncul pada semua perlakuan. berdasarkan rasio tajuk-akar, hara nitrogen juga sebagai faktor pembatas utama pada tanaman nilam di ultisol . pemupukan omission hara pada tanaman nilam di tanah ultisol juga berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar hara p, k, dan mg tanaman nilam umur 84 hspt, tetapi tidak nyata terhadap kadar hara n dan ca. kadar p daun nilam dengan pemupukan omission menunjukkan kriteria sangat rendah (0,01-0,03%). pemupukan lengkap menurunkan kadar p tanaman, sehingga tanaman nilam mengalami defisiensi p dengan gejala daun terlihat berwarna hijau gelap keunguan. defisiensi berat dijumpai pada perlakuan omission -ca dan -k. kadar k dalam tanaman nilam juga masih belum memenuhi kriteria cukup (1,5-3,0%), meskipun dengan pemupukan lengkap, kecuali pada perlakuan omission-n dengan kategori sedang. pemupukan omission menurunkan kadar hara k yaitu pada perlakuan f-mg karena ketidakseimbangan unsur hara atau efek antagonis dengan ca dan mg dalam tanah. penambahan pupuk lengkap menurunkan kadar hara k kecuali tanpa hara n. hal ini karena nitrogen berperan dalam keseimbangan antar kation k, ca dan mg. kadar hara mg tanaman nilam tergolong cukup (> 0,25%). pemupukan tanpa ca dan k menyebabkan kadar hara mg meningkat. kadar mg tanaman pada perlakuan pupuk lengkap (f1) berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (f0). pemupukan lengkap belum mencukupi kebutuhan hara mg bagi tanaman nilam (0,47 %). status n-total, dan p-tersedia tanah ultisol dengan pemupukan omission tergolong rendah. status mg-dd tanah ultisol berkisar sedang hingga tinggi. status tertinggi dijumpai pada f-k (pemupukan lengkap tanpa-k), karena unsur k dan ca berinteraksi antagonis terhadap mg. konsentrasi k, dan ca yang tinggi menyebabkan defisiensi mg. sedangkan status ca-dd tanah secara umum rendah. dengan demikian yang menjadi pembatas hara terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman nilam pada tanah ultisol adalah hara n, p, k, ca, dan mg. upaya menyelesaikan persoalan hara pada tanaman nilam telah dicobakan dengan penggunaan pupuk organik (kompos, pupuk kandang), pupuk hayati (mikoriza) serta biochar karena ketiganya berperan meningkatkan kesuburan dan kesehatan tanah, memperbaiki kualitas tanah serta mendorong pertanian berkelanjutan. kompos dan biochar berperan sebagai bahan pembenah tanah, sehingga aplikasi kompos dan biochar yang ditambahkan pupuk hayati diharapkan mampu mengatasi permasalahan hara pada tanaman nilam. penelitian ini disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dalam 4 ulangan dengan 7 perlakuan yaitu: (1) kontrol, (2) pupuk kandang, (3) pupuk kandang+biochar, (4) pupuk kandang+biochar+ mikoriza, (5) kompos, (6) kompos+biochar, (7) kompos+biochar+ mikoriza. dosis pupuk kandang dan kompos yang digunakan 5 dan 10 ton ha-1, biochar 10 ton ha-1 dan mikoriza 20 g pot-1. parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat segar tajuk dan akar, berat kering tajuk dan akar), kadar hara tanaman (n,p,k,ca,mg), dan status hara tanah (n-total, p-tersedia, k-dd, ca-dd, mg-dd). hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pupuk dan biochar berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 84 hspt, jumlah daun, berat tajuk segar, tajuk kering, dan berat akar segar serta nyata meningkatkan kadar n, k, ca dan mg tanaman dan status p-tersedia, k-dd, ca-dd dan mg-dd tanah. kombinasi kompos+biochar+mikoriza merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik dengan kadar hara tanaman dan ketersediaan hara tanah yang lebih tinggi dari kombinasi perlakuan lainnya. hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa strategi peningkatan produktivitas nilam di tanah inceptisol dan ultisol memerlukan pendekatan terpadu yang mencakup pemanfaatan kompos dan biochar, untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah dan penerapan agen hayati mikoriza, guna meningkatkan efisiensi serapan hara dan ketahanan tanaman di lahan marginal. kata kunci: nilam aceh, kualitas tanah, pupuk organik, biochar, mikoriza  

SUMMARY ZURAIDA. Soil Quality Assessment and Nutrient Diagnosis as well as the Development of Fertilization, Amelioration, and Biotechnology Packages to Increase the Production of Aceh Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) under the guidance of Sufardi as the Promoter, Helmi as Co-Promoter I, and Yadi Jufri as Co-Promoter II. Aceh patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) represents one of the vital categories of plants that generate essential oil. Aceh patchouli (P. cablin Benth.) is a prominent source of patchouli oil, known for its significant economic value in international trade. Indonesia is one of the largest suppliers of patchouli oil in the world, accounting for about 70-90%, which reaches 2,220 tons per year (estimation from the Directorate General of Plantations). Some of the regions that are centers for patchouli production in Indonesia are Southeast Sulawesi, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Aceh, and Jambi (Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, 2024). Patchouli oil from Aceh has the best quality in the international market, because it has a distinctive aroma that patchouli from other regions does not have. The Aceh area is identified as having potential for patchouli (P. cablin Benth) development and has been appointed as the primary center for patchouli development in Indonesia (https:// Serambi.com, 25/8/2021). Patchouli oil from Aceh has the best quality in the international market, because it has a distinctive aroma that patchouli from other regions does not have. Nevertheless, based on the production data from the past three years (2021-2024), patchouli production in Aceh remains inconsistent and subject to fluctuations; similar conditions are also experienced in several patchouli production areas in Indonesia. Low soil fertility and inadequate land optimization for patchouli cultivation are among the various factors contributing to the instability of patchouli production, as well as the absence of fertilization and soil fertility management, so that patchouli production has not increased significantly. This study was conducted to determine the quality of soil in the patchouli development area and find nutrient-limiting factors for growth, nutrient absorption of Aceh patchouli (P. cablin Benth), and soil nutrient status, as well as examine the form of nutrient management to overcome these nutrient-limiting factors. Soil quality determination was carried out on Inceptisol soil and Ultisol soil in the patchouli development area. This research was carried out by a descriptive/survey method by conducting field observations, namely soil biophysical observation, soil sampling, soil analysis in the laboratory, and soil quality index calculation. Soil sampling was carried out according to the land unit determined by overlaying basic maps (administrative maps, land type maps, land use maps, and slope maps) in the research area. Inceptisol land was taken in Lhoong District, Aceh Besar Regency, as many as 16 points divided into 6 land units (LU) with an area of 1,325.26 Ha, and 14 points from 2 LU in Ultisol land, Panga District, Aceh Jaya Regency, with a study area of 1,586.44 Ha. Soil samples were taken from several types of land use and two slope classes, namely 0-8% and 8-15%. Physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil samples taken from a depth of 0-20 cm were analyzed as indicators for calculating the soil quality index. The determination of the soil quality index was carried out based on the criteria of Mausbach and Seybold (1998). In general, the soil of Inceptisol Lhoong, Aceh Besar has a clay fraction higher than the sand and dust fraction, with a varied texture of clay to sandy clay. Soil bulk density is still in the normal range, which is between 1.14 to 1.49 g cm-³. Bulk density is very strongly negatively correlated (r=-095**) with porosity. The pH value of the soil ranges from 5.3 to 6.4, which is classified as sour to slightly sour. The C-organic content varies from 0.95% to 4.4% with very low to high criteria. The soil's total nitrogen (N) content varies from low to high levels and shows a very strong positive correlation with organic carbon (C-organic), indicated by an r-value of 0.93**. The P-avaiable ranges from 3.48 to 7.18 mg kg–1, categorizing it as very low to moderate. The K-exch, Ca-exch, and Mg-exch content in Inceptisol soil varies, some of which show very high levels. The high content of Ca and Mg in some samples indicates a high fertility potential for the soil. Soil respiration as an indicator of microbial activity in Inceptisol soil ranges from 0.36-7.04 mg CO2-C/kg/day. Microorganisms are strongly influenced by the availability of organic matter and nitrogen, as indicated by the moderate positive correlations between respiration and C-organic (r=0.55*) and total nitrogen (r=0.43*). Ultisol soil originating from Panga, Aceh Jaya, has a clay texture, generally containing more than 50% clay. Bulk density (BD) values vary from 1.34–1.54 g cm-³, which has the potential to inhibit root growth. Bulk density was negatively correlated very strongly (r = -0.88**) with porosity, ranging from 41.7 – 49.4%, where both greatly affected soil respiration. Soil respiration of Ultisol Panga ranges from 1.23-5.23 mg C-CO2 kg-1 day-1 with a pH value in the range of 3.8-4.8 (very sour to sour). Low organic carbon content (1.0 -2.0%). Likewise, total nitrogen ranges from very low to moderate (0.08-0.26%). Phosphorus available in Ultisol soil shows considerable variation (3.57–7.35 mg kg-¹), which is generally relatively low, only in U8 and U11, which are moderate. The content of K-exch, Ca-exch, and Mg-exch Ultisol, Aceh Jaya, is lower than that of Inceptisol, Lhoong. The values of alkaline cations are very low, especially K-exch (average 0.27 cmol(+)kg-¹), while Mg-exch varies greatly, ranging from low to high (U2, U5, U6, and U12), and Ca-exch is generally low. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) value of Inceptisol and Ultisol ranges from 0.37 (low) to 0.64 (good). Good Inceptisol soil SQI values were found in secondary dryland forests (0.62-0.64), shrubs obtained moderate soil quality index values (0.53-0.59), and Inceptisol SQI in dryland agriculture had low soil quality index (0.37) on slopes of 0-8% and medium (0.47) on slopes of 8-15%. This happens because cultivation activities are more intensive on flat land, thereby reducing soil quality. The SQI value of Ultisol was moderate in both slope classes (0.42 and 0.47). Although Ultisol is naturally sour and nutrient-poor, it is still able to achieve moderate SQI values with good soil management practices and does not damage soil function. Thus, the land of Inceptisol, Aceh Besar, and Ultisol, Aceh Jaya, still has great potential to be used for patchouli development land. Nutrient diagnosis research has also been carried out with fertilization treatment using the omission trial method. Two treatments served as controls: one without any fertilizer (C0) and another with all macronutrients provided (C). The remaining six treatments were complete macronutrient treatments lacking -N (C-N), -P (C-P), -K (C-K), -Ca (C-Ca), -Mg (C-Mg), and -S (C-S). The fertilizer dosage used was Urea 142 kg ha-1 (63.9 kg N ha-1), SP-36 35 kg ha-1 (12.6 kg P2O5 ha-1 =18.6 kg P ha-1), KCl 70 kg ha-1 (29 kg K ha-1), MgO 67.5 kg ha-1 (40.5 kg Mg ha-1), 82.2 kg CaO ha-1 (58.7 kg Ca ha-1) and 30 kg S ha-1. Omission fertilization experiments on patchouli plants were made in 2 series which were carried out in experimental gardens and their growth was observed (plant height, leaf characteristics, wet space weight and dry space weight of shoot and roots), plant nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), and soil nutrient status (N-total, P-available, K-exch, Ca-exch and Mg-exch). Observations were made on growth parameters at 14, 28, 56, 84, and 112 days after transplanting (DAP), plant nutrient levels at 84 DAP, and soil nutrient status at 112 DAP. The experiment employed a group randomized design across three repetitions, with statistical analysis performed using the F test and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) follow-up at a 5% significance level. The results indicated that omission fertilization had an unreal impact on all parameters of patchouli biomass growth and production in Inceptisol. According to the growth and production patterns of biomass with omission fertilization treatments, nutrientless (C0), no fertilizer-N (C-N), -K (C-K), and -P (C-P) treatments tend to provide a low growth response. Complete fertilization has not met the Mg nutrient needs for patchouli plants (0.47%). The nutrient levels of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of sapphire leaves at 84 DAP due to omission fertilization in Inceptisol soil had a significant effect. The nutrient levels of Nitrogen and Potassium with omission fertilization showed low to moderate criteria, and have not increased with complete fertilization. Complete fertilization raises the nutrient levels of P, Ca, and Mg; however, it does not fulfill the criteria for sufficient plant P and Ca levels. Meanwhile, Mg levels are comparatively elevated even in omission-Mg fertilization. Therefore, Mg nutrients are not a limiting factor for the growth of patchouli plants in Inceptisol, Aceh Besar. For patchouli plants, complete fertilization meets their nutrient needs for calcium (0.4%). However, when calcium is omitted from fertilization (C-Ca), its absorption decreases to a low level (0.33%), making it a limiting factor. The adequacy of the crop's nutrients is indicated by the soil's nutrient status. Inceptisol soil with omission fertilization shows a nutrient status of N-total and K-exch that is relatively low to moderate, P-available is generally very low to low, Ca-exch is relatively low, and Mg-exch is high. Thus, the nutrient limiting factors for growth, the nutrient content of patchouli plants, and the nutrient status of Inseptisol soil are nutrients N, P, K, and Ca. In contrast to Ultisol soil, the omission fertilization treatment significantly influences growth parameters (such as plant height at 84 and 112 DAP, number of leaves, leaf length and width, and leaf area) and patchouli biomass production (including fresh crown weight, dry weight, and fresh root weight). Omission depletion showed a low growth and biomass response at all N (F-N), P (F-P), K (F-K), Ca (F-Ca), and Mg (F-Mg) deletion treatments, except F-S. Deficiency symptoms appear on all treatments. Based on the crown-root ratio, nutrients that are the main limiting factors for patchouli plants in Ultisol are also Nitrogen. The fertilization of nutrient omission in patchouli plants growing in Ultisol soil significantly impacted the levels of P, K, and Mg in sapphire plants at 84 DAP, while the effects on N and Ca levels were negligible. P levels of sapphire leaves with omission fertilization showed very low criteria (0.010-0.027%). Complete fertilization reduces the P level of the plant; the nutrient level of the patchouli plant is very low, so that the patchouli plant experiences a P deficiency, with the symptoms of the leaves looking dark purplish. Severe deficiencies were found in the omission treatment of Ca and K. The K level in patchouli plants also still did not meet the criteria of sufficient (1.5-3.0%), even with complete fertilization, except for the treatment of N-omission with the medium category. Omission fertilization lowers the nutrient level of K, i.e., in F-Mg treatment, due to nutrient imbalance or antagonistic effects with Ca and Mg in the soil. The addition of complete fertilizer lowers the level of nutrients K, except for the nutrient N. This is because Nitrogen plays a role in the balance between cations K, Ca, and Mg. The nutrient content of Mg patchouli plants is quite adequate (> 0.25%). The application of complete fertilizers (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) to Mg-exch levels showed a significant difference from the controls. Fertilization without Ca and K causes increased levels of Mg nutrients. Complete fertilization meets the nutrient needs of Mg for patchouli plants (0.47%). The status of N-total and P-available Ultisol soil with omission fertilization is relatively low. Ultisol soil has an Mg-exch status that varies between medium and high levels. F-K exhibited the highest status (complete fertilization without K) due to Mg deficiency linked to elevated levels of N, K, and Ca. The soil's Ca-dd status was generally low. Consequently, the nutrients that limit the growth of patchouli plants in Ultisol soil are N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. To address the issue of nutrient limitation in patchouli plants, organic fertilizers (such as compost and manure), biofertilizers (like mycorrhiza), and biochar have been employed. These three contribute to enhancing soil fertility and health, improving soil quality, and promoting sustainable agriculture. Compost and biochar act as soil improvement materials; therefore, the application of organic fertilizers and biochar combined with biological fertilizers is expected to be able to overcome nutrient problems in patchouli plants. A randomized group design with 7 treatments and 4 replicates was employed in this study. The tested treatments were: (1) control, (2) manure, (3) manure and biochar, (4) biochar, manure and mycorrhizae, (5) compost, (6) compost and biochar, (7) compost, biochar and mycorrhizae. The dose of manure and compost used was 5 and 10 tons ha-1, biochar 10 tons ha-1, and mycorrhizae 20 g pot-1. The parameters measured included growth (plant height, leaf count, fresh weight of the shoot and root, dry weight of the shoot and root), nutrient content of the plants (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), and soil nutrient status (N-total, P-available, K-exch, Ca-exch, Mg-exch). The findings demonstrated that the use of biochar and fertilizer treatments significantly influenced various aspects of patchouli plants at 84 DAP, including plant height, leaf count, and weights of fresh and dry shoots and roots. Additionally, these treatments led to significant increases in the levels of N, K, Ca, and Mg in the plants, as well as improvements in the status of P-available, K-exch, Ca-exch, and Mg-exch soils. The combination of organic fertilizer + biochar + mycorrhizal is the best treatment with a higher level of plant nutrients and soil nutrient availability than other treatment combinations. The results of this study affirm that strategies for improving patchouli productivity in Inceptisol and Ultisol require an integrated approach that includes the use of compost and biochar, in order to improve soil quality and the application of mycorrhizal bioagents, to enhance nutrient absorption efficiency and plant resilience in marginal lands. Keywords: Aceh patchouli, soil quality, Organic Fertilizer, Biochar, Mycorrhizae