Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Salah satu dampak negatif yang terjadi adalah pencemaran air oleh adanya logam berat hasil buangan industri. logam berat yang sering ditemukan dalam perairan adalah logam timbal dan kadmium. kedua logam tersebut termasuk jenis logam yang paling berbahaya dan beracun. dalam mengantisipasi pengurangan dampak pencemaran kedua timbal dan kadmium maka pemerintah telah mengatur batas ambang keberadaan logam timbal (ii) (0,1 mg/l) dan kadmium (ii) (0,05 mg/l) dalam lingkungan air. dalam upaya penanganan limbah cair logam berat dan pemanfaatan limbah biomassa sebagai solusi alternatif dalam pengolahan limbah cair maka perlu adanya penelitian mengenai adsorpsi ion logam pb(ii) dan ion logam cd(ii) menggunakan limbah biomassa seperti lignin kulit buah aren. tahapan tahun pertama penelitian ini adalah isolasi lignin dari kulit buah aren (kba) dan karakterisasinya dengan ftir, sem-edx, tga, dan bet. hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan lignin kba memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan adsorben karena struktur berpori dan memiliki gugus fungsi yang berperan penting dalam kinerja adsorpsi. pada tahap kedua menentukan kesetimbangan adsorpsi, kinetika adsorpsi serta optimasi menggunakan response surface methodology (rsm) box benhken. model yang sesuai dengan isotem langmuir dan kinetika orde dua untuk adsorpsi ion logam pb(ii) and ion logam cd(ii). penelitian tahun kedua melakukan sintesis hidrogel dari lignin kba dan asam akrilat serta karakterisasinya dengan ftir, sem-edx, tga, bet dan uji swelling. tahap selanjutnya menentukan kesetimbangan dan kinetika adsorpsi serta optimasi proses adsorpsi menggunakan box benhken untuk melihat pengaruh waktu kontak, konsentrasi awal dan massa lignin. hasil penelitian optimasi menunjukkan model kuadratik sesuai adsorpsi menggunakan lignin kba dan hidrogel lignin kba. kondisi optimum adsorpsi menggunakan lignin diperoleh pada waktu kontak 116,535 menit, konsentrasi awal 60 mg/l dan massa lignin 0,5 g dengan efisiensi adsorpsi ion logam pb(ii) sebesar 94,480 % dan ion logam cd(ii) diperoleh sebesar 60,981 %. sedangkan kondisi optimum adsorpsi menggunakan hidrogel lignin kba diperolah kondisi 189,341 menit, konsentrasi awal 116,773 mg/l dan massa hidrogel lignin kba 0,5 g dengan efisiensi adsorpsi sebesar 86,028 % dan 88,204 % dengan desirabitilas 0,993.

Industrial development not only has a positive impact on development but also has a negative impact on the environment, especially the aquatic environment. One of the negative impacts that occurs is water pollution by heavy metals resulting from industrial waste. Heavy metals that are often found in waters are lead and cadmium. These two metals are among the most dangerous and toxic types of metal. In anticipation of reducing the impact of pollution from both lead and cadmium, the government has set threshold limits for the presence of lead (II) metal (0.1 mg/L) and cadmium (II) (0.05 mg/L) in the water environment. In an effort to handle heavy metal liquid waste and utilize biomass waste as an alternative solution in processing liquid waste, it is necessary to conduct research on the adsorption of Pb(II) metal ions and Cd(II) metal ions using biomass waste such as palm fruit shell lignin. The first year of this research was the isolation of lignin from palm fruit skin (KBA) and its characterization using FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, and BET. The characterization results show that KBA lignin has the potential to be used as an adsorbent because it has a porous structure and has functional groups that play an important role in adsorption performance. In the second stage, determine the equilibrium and adsorption kinetics and optimize using Box Benhken's Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The model corresponds to the Langmuir isothem and second order kinetics for the adsorption of Pb(II) metal ions and Cd(II) metal ions. The second year of research carried out the synthesis of hydrogels from KBA lignin and acrylic acid and their characterization using FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, BET and swelling tests. The next stage is determining the equilibrium and adsorption kinetics as well as optimizing the adsorption process using a Benhken Box to see the effect of contact time, initial concentration and lignin mass. The results of the optimization research show that the quadratic model is suitable for adsorption using KBA lignin and KBA lignin hydrogel. The optimum adsorption conditions using lignin were obtained at a contact time of 116.535 minutes, an initial concentration of 60 mg/L and a lignin mass of 0.5 g with an adsorption efficiency of Pb(II) metal ions of 94.480% and Cd(II) metal ions of 60.981%. Meanwhile, the optimum adsorption conditions using KBA lignin hydrogel were obtained at a contact time of 189,341 minutes, an initial concentration of 116.773 mg/L and a KBA lignin hydrogel mass of 0.5 g with adsorption efficiencies were 86,028 % and 88,204 %.