Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Limbah serai wangi merupakan salah satu pakan alternatif yang potensial untuk mencukupi kebutuhan ternak, namun keberadaan lignin yang cukup tinggi dalam limbah serai wangi sangat memengaruhi kualitas nutrisi limbah serai wangi, karena terbentuknya ikatan komplek lignoselulosa dan lignohemiselulosa, sehingga tingkat kecernaannya rendah. selain itu limbah serai wangi juga masih mengandung sisa senyawa atsiri yang dapat menganggu kinerja mikroba rumen. teknologi fermentasi diketahui dapat menurunkan kadar serat kasar dan mengurai kandungan atsiri dalam bahan pakan, namun pada bahan pakan yang mengandung kadar serat kasar yang tinggi perlakuan fermentasi saja kurang efektif karena keterbatasan kemampuan enzim mikrobial dalam melakukan penetrasi dalam bahan pakan untuk mendegradasi fraksi serat. gabungan proses amoniasi dan fermentasi yang dikenal sebagai amofer diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan degradasi fraksi serat pada limbah serai wangi. proses amoniasi menyebabkan perubahan struktur dan komposisi dinding sel dengan memutus ikatan lignoselulosa dan lignohemiselulosa sehingga enzim mikrobial pada proses fermentasi mudah melakukan penetrasi ke dalam serat pakan selama proses degradasi. salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan proses amofer adalah lama amoniasi. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh lama amoniasi pada proses amoniasi fermentasi terhadap degradasi fraksi serat pada limbah serai wangi. penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan desember 2023 hingga februari 2024 di laboratorium lapangan peternakan dan laboratorium ilmu nutrisi, teknologi dan hijauan pakan, program studi peternakan, fakultas pertanian, universitas syiah kuala, banda aceh. evaluasi fraksi serat dilaksanakan di laboratorium balai penelitian ternak, bogor, jawa barat. materi yang digunakan adalah limbah serai wangi, urea, molasses, dedak halus dan bakteri decomposer alfalfa (ma-11). rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (ral), yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan lama amoniasi yaitu: p0 = 0 hari (kontrol), p1 = 7 hari; p2= 14 hari ; p3= 21 hari. setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 4 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 16 unit perlakuan. parameter yang diamati adalah serat deterjen netral/ acid detergent fiber (ndf), serat deterjen detergent fiber (adf), hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan lama amoniasi pada proses amofer terhadap limbah serai wangi berpengaruh sangat nyata (p˂0,01) terhadap semua fraksi serat, yaitu ndf, adf, hemiselulosa,selulosa dan lignin. fraksi ndf, adf, selulosa dan lignin mengalami penurunan yang linier seiring lamanya waktu amoniasi, sebaliknya fraksi hemiselulosa mengalami mengalami peningkatan. berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, amoniasi hingga 21 hari pada proses amofer memberikan hasil yang terbaik karena mampu menurunkan fraksi ndf, adf, selulosa dan lignin masing-masing 5,6%, 25,9%, 16,2%, dan 14,6% dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol tanpa amoniasi, serta dapat meningkatkan fraksi hemiselulosa yang relatif mudah dicerna sebesar 12,8%. kata kunci : limbah serai wangi, fraksi serat, amoniasi, fermentasi, amofer, ma-11

Citronella waste is one of the potential alternative feeds to meet the needs of livestock, however, the presence of high levels of lignin in citronella waste greatly affects the nutritional quality of citronella waste, due to the formation of complex bonds of lignocellulose and lignohemicellulose, so the level of digestibility is low. Apart from that, citronella waste also still contains residual volatile compounds which can disrupt the performance of rumen microbes. Fermentation technology is known to be able to reduce crude fiber content and break down the volatile content in feed ingredients, however, in feed ingredients that contain high levels of crude fiber, fermentation alone is less effective due to the limited ability of microbial enzymes to penetrate the feed ingredient to degrade the fiber fraction. The combined ammonia and fermentation process known as amofer is expected to optimize the degradation of the fiber fraction in citronella waste. The ammoniation process causes changes in the structure and composition of cell walls by breaking the bonds of lignocellulose and lignohemicellulose so that microbial enzymes in the fermentation process can easily penetrate into the feed fiber during the degradation process. One of the factors that determines the success of the amofer process is the ammonia duration. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of ammoniation time in the ammonia fermentation process on the degradation of the fiber fraction in citronella waste. This research was carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 at the Animal Husbandry Field Laboratory and Nutrition, Technology and Forage Science Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. Evaluation of fiber fractions was carried out at the Animal Research Center Laboratory, Bogor, West Java. The materials used are citronella waste, urea, molasses, fine bran and alfalfa decomposer bacteria (MA-11). The design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of 4 ammonia treatment durations, namely: P0 = 0 days (control), P1 = 7 days; P2= 14 days; P3= 21 days. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications, so that 16 treatment units were obtained. The parameters observed were neutral detergent fiber/acid detergent fiber (NDF), detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The results of the research showed that the long ammonia treatment in the amofer process on citronella waste had a very significant effect (P˂0.01) on all fiber fractions, namely NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin fractions experienced a linear decrease with the length of ammonia, whereas the hemicellulose fraction experienced an increase. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that up to 21 days of ammonia in the amofer process gives the best results because it is able to reduce the NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin fractions by 5.6%, 25.9%, 16.2% and 14.6% respectively. % compared to the control treatment without ammonia, and can increase the hemicellulose fraction which is relatively easy to digest by 12.8%. Keywords : Citronella waste, fiber fraction, ammonia, fermentation, amofer, MA-11