Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Program studi magister kesehatan masyarakat fakultas kedokteran universitas syiah kuala tesis, 27 mei 2024 noralina determinan paparan kadar timbal dalam darah anak usia 12-15 tahun di kota banda aceh 95 halaman + 5 tabel + 4 gambar + 7 lampiran abstrak latar belakang: paparan timbal dari lingkungan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di indonesia. walaupun eliminasi bensin bertimbal dan pelarangan cat bertimbal telah dilakukan, namun banyak sumber paparan timbal lainnya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari seperti peralatan rumah tangga dan makanan. belum ada laporan kadar timbal pada anak di banda aceh, namun sudah ada laporan kontaminasi timbal pada air sungai, laut, dan tumbuhan. efek paparan timbal pada masa kanak-kanak dikaitkan dengan perubahan perilaku dan intelligence quotient (iq). kadar paparan rendah juga dapat memicu neurotoksisitas dan agresivitas pada anak-anak. metode: penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional pertama yang meneliti kadar timbal dalam darah (blood lead levels/bll) dan faktor risiko peningkatan bll pada anak usia 12 -15 tahun di kota banda aceh, indonesia. penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 130 anak yang dipilih secara acak dari dua sekolah menengah pada bulan oktober-desember 2022, dengan memberikan kuesioner terstruktur mengenai sosiodemografi keluarga dan faktor lingkungan yaitu sumber air, jenis atap, lokasi tempat tinggal, kebiasaan merokok ayah. sampel darah dikumpulkan untuk analisis kandungan timbal. batas peningkatan bll kadar menggunakan pedoman cdc 2021 yaitu ≥ 3,5 μg/dl. hasil: dari 130 anak peserta penelitian ini, 32 anak (24,6%) mengalami peningkatan bll. rata-rata bll adalah 3,01 ± 1,14 μg/dl. analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki (or=4,47, 95%ci=1,44-13,85, p=0,009), pendidikan ibu yang rendah (or=3,85, 95%ci=1,35-10,95, p=0,011), dan jenis atap seng di rumah (or=8,77, 95%ci=1,03-74,81, p=0,047) berhubungan positif dengan peningkatan bll. variabel usia, status sosial ekonomi rendah (penerima bantuan kesejahteraan), ayah perokok, sumber air sehari-hari dan tempat tinggal anak tidak ditemukan hubungan dengan peningkatan bll. kesimpulan: penelitian ini memberikan bukti awal adanya peningkatan bll pada anak-anak yang tinggal di wilayah banda aceh, meskipun tanpa sumber paparan timbal industri yang jelas. penelitian lebih mendalam dengan sampel yang lebih besar perlu dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi temuan ini. diskusi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk tindakan pencegahan paparan. kata kunci: kadar timbal dalam darah, anak, faktor risiko, lingkungan, indonesia daftar pustaka : 4 buku + 44 jurnal penelitian (1998-2023)

MASTER PROGRAM OF PUBLIC HEALTH MEDICINE FACULTY, UNIVERSITAS SYIAH KUALA Thesis, May 27th 2024 Noralina Determinant of Blood Lead Levels of Children 12-15 Years Old in Banda Aceh 95 Pages + 5 Tables + 4 Pictures + 7 Appendices ABSTRACT Background: Environmental lead exposure in children is a big public health problem in Indonesia. Despite the elimination of leaded gasoline and the ban on lead paint, there are still several ways to come into contact with lead in daily life, including food and home equipment. Lead contamination in rivers, seas, and plants around Banda Aceh municipality has been reported, however there has been no study of blood lead levels in children in the city. Childhood exposure to lead is known to be associated with behavioral changes and Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Neurotoxicity and aggressiveness can be induced by low-level lead in children. Methods: This is the first cross-sectional study examining blood lead levels (BLLs) and risk factors of elevated BLLs in children aged 12 -15 years in Banda Aceh municipality, Indonesia. This study was conducted with 130 randomly selected children from two middle schools in October-December 2022, by administering structured questionnaires on family demographics and environmental factors (i.e., the source of water, the type of roof, living location, father smoking habit). Blood samples were collected for lead content analysis. We defined elevated blood lead as ≥3.5 μg/dL following CDC guidelines. Results: Of 130 children enrolled in the study, 32 (24.6%) had elevated BLLs. The mean BLL was 3.01 ± 1.14 μg/dL. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex (OR=4.47, 95%CI=1.44-13.85, P = 0.009), lower education of mother (OR=3.85, 95%CI=1.35-10.95, P = 0.011), and tin roof in a house (OR=8.77, 95%CI=1.03-74.81, P = 0.047) were positively associated with elevated BLLs. While age, lower socioeconomic status (welfare recipients), smoking father, water source, and living location were not found to be associated with elevated BLLs. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence of elevated BLLs in children living in the areas of Banda Aceh without obvious industrial lead exposure. Further study with a larger sample is required to confirm the findings. The need for preventive measures is discussed. Keywords: Blood lead level, Children, Risk factor, Environment, Indonesia Reference: 4 Books + 44 Research Journals (1998-2023)