Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penanganan penyembuhan luka rongga mulut dapat tertunda karena tantangan invasi mikroorganisme, anatomi mukosa mulut dan saliva serta pada keadaan diabetes. tantangan penyembuhan luka pada diabetes berasal dari pembuluh darah yang mengalami makroangiopati dan mikroangiopati, pertumbuhan abnormal dan kebocoran pembuluh darah kecil, yang mengakibatkan edema lokal dan gangguan fungsional pada jaringan yang bersangkutan. gangguan fungsi sel kekebalan, khususnya makrofag yang mengalami deplesi juga terjadi pada keadaan diabetes. deplesi makrofag ini selanjutnya menyebabkan kemampuan reepitelisasi tertunda, deposisi kolagen berkurang, angiogenesis terganggu, dan penurunan proliferasi sel pada tahap penyembuhan luka. keadaan diabetes dapat membuat penyembuhan luka menjadi terganggu dan membuat luka menjadi kronis serta penyembuhan luka yang buruk. kontrol hemostasis dan kontrol invasi mikroorganisme pada penyembuhan luka dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka. alga merah (gracilaria sp.) merupakan salah satu jenis alga yang banyak tumbuh di indonesia dan juga di perairan aceh. kandungan alga merah berpotensi mempercepat penyembuhan luka diantaranya polisakarida, protein, asam lemak, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid, flavonoids, tannin, phenol, glikosida, alkaloids, kalium, natrium, kalsium, phospor, zinc, cuprum, magnesium dan ferum, vitamin a, b, c dan e, kuinon, monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenes. penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan beberapa tahap, tahap pertama uji in vitro kandungan alga merah meliputi uji kandungan protein, karbohidrat, lemak, uji fitokimia, uji gcms, uji aktivitas antioksidan dan uji sitotoksisitas menggunakan larva udang. uji in silico dilakukan pada protein s100a8, serta uji in vivo meliputi pemeriksaan waktu perdarahan, pemeriksaan sel pmn, sel fibroblas dan serat kolagen tipe iii pada luka insisi gingiva hewan coba yang diinduksi diabetes. analisis statistik menggunakan anova untuk pemeriksaan pmn dan fibroblas, untuk pemeriksaan waktu perdarahan dan penyembuhan luka klinis menggunakan kruskal wallis. hasil penelitian menunjukkan rumput laut yang dikoleksi dari kajhu aceh besar dan karawang teridentifikasi glacilaria sp., glacilaria sp. asal kajhu mengandung karbohidrat 24,65%; lemak 11,55%; protein 10,51%. kadar kalsium 2,4286 mg dan kadar vitamin c 0,200 mg. glacilaria sp. asal karawang mengandung karbohidrat 28,28%; lemak 8,40%; protein 14,01%. kadar kalsium 3,3603 mg dan kadar vitamin c 0,115 mg. uji aktivitas antioksidan glacillaria sp. menunjukkan nilai ic50 (μg⁄ml) 317.7513 untuk alga merah asal kajhu dan 353.204 untuk alga merah asal karawang. hasil uji dengan gcms rumput laut alga merah asal kajhu aceh besar didominasi asam heksadekanoat, (9e)-9- octadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, erythritol dan kolesterol. alga merah asal karawang didominasi gliserol, asam heksadekanoat, kolesterol, 2- hidroksi-1-(hidroksimetil) etil palmitat dan 2-hidroksi-1-(palmitoksimetil) etil palmitat. uji in silico dengan protein s100a8 menunjukkan afinitas paling besar pada molekul kolesterol yaitu -6,6 kcal/mmol. uji in vivo gel glacilaria sp. asal karawang berpengaruh terhadap waktu perdarahan paling baik yaitu 51.798 detik. pada fase inflamasi pengaruh tidak berbeda bermakna antara gel mengandung glacilaria sp. asal kajhu maupun karawang karena aktivitas antioksidan tergolong sangat lemah. pada fase proliferasi dari hitung jumlah fibroblast paling baik adalah vii yang diaplikasikan gel mengandung ekstrak 3% glacilaria sp. asal kajhu aceh. pada fase awal remodeling dari hitung jumlah kolagen kontrol positif yang diberikan gel mengandung asam hialuronat menunjukkan jumlah kolagen paling banyak. dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan rumput laut (glacilaria sp.) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan penyembuhan luka mukosa mulut. kata kunci: alga merah, glacilaria sp., penyembuhan luka, mukosa mulut.

Management of oral wound healing can be prolonged due to the difficulties of microbial invasion, the structure of the mouth mucosa, and saliva. In delayed wounds, such as those caused by diabetes, the problem of wound healing is exacerbated by blood vessel microangiopathy and reduced immune cell function, particularly macrophage depletion. This macrophage depletion results in delayed re-epithelialization, diminished collagen deposition, disrupted angiogenesis, and decreased cell proliferation during the wound healing stage. Diabetes can interfere with wound healing, causing persistent sores and poor wound healing. Controlling hemostasis and microbial invasion in wound healing can both speed up healing. Red algae (Gracilaria sp.) is a species of algae that is common in Indonesian seas, including Aceh. Polysaccharides, proteins, fatty acids, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, cuprum, magnesium, and ferrum, vitamins A, B, C, and E, quinones, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenes are all found in red algae. This substance has the potential to accelerate wound healing. This experimental investigation was carried out in stages. The first stage involved an in vitro test for red algae content, which included protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content tests, phytochemical testing, GCMS tests, antioxidant activity tests, and cytotoxicity tests using prawn larvae. In silico studies were performed on the S-100A8 protein, as well as in vivo tests such as bleeding time, pmn cells, fibroblast cells, and type III collagen fibres in gingival incised wounds of diabetic experimental rats. ANOVA was used to investigate pmn and fibroblasts, while Kruskal-Wallis was used to examine bleeding duration and clinical wound healing duration. The study's findings revealed that red algae collected in Kajhu, Aceh Besar, and Karawang was recognised as Glacilaria sp. Glacilaria sp. Kajhu origin has 24.65% carbohydrates, 11.55% fat, and 10.51% protein. Calcium is 2.4286 mg, and Vitamin c is 0.200 mg. Glacilaria sp. from Karawang has 28.28% carbohydrates, 8.40% fat, and 14.01% protein. Calcium is 3.3603 mg, and vitamin m is 0.115 mg. Glacillaria sp. antioxidant activity test revealed an IC50 value (gmL) of 317.7513 for red algae from Kajhu and 353.204 for red algae from Karawang. The GCMS analysis of red algae from Kajhu Aceh Besar revealed that hexadecanoic acid, (9e)-9-octadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, erythritol, and cholesterol were the most abundant. Glycerol, hexadecanoic acid, cholesterol, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl palmitate, and 2-hydroxy-1- (palmitoxymethyl) ethyl palmitate dominate red algae from Karawang. The S- 100A8 protein has the highest affinity for the cholesterol molecule, with a -6.6 Kcal/mmol affinity. In in vivo test, because it contains the most glycerol (36.81% and calcium 3.3603 mg/L), the origin of Karawang has the greatest effect on bleeding time, approximately 51,798 seconds. Because the antioxidant activity is characterised as extremely poor, there was no significant difference in the Inflammatory Phase between gels containing Glacilaria sp. from Kajhu and Karawang. The greatest number of fibroblasts were treated to a gel containing 3% Glacilaria sp. extract from Kajhu Aceh during the proliferation phase because it contained 39.80 percent Hexadecanoic acid. The amount of collagen was estimated during the early remodelling phase. The positive control gel containing hyaluronic acid contained the most collagen. According to the findings of this study, red algae (Glacilaria sp.) has the potential to be used as a component in the healing of oral mucosal ulcers.