Electronic Theses and Dissertation

As the industry continues to develop and requires fuel as an energy source in its processes, the demand for fuel in Indonesia is increasing. The continuously growing population each year also contributes to the potential energy crisis. It is estimated that global demand for petroleum will reach 109.4 million barrels per day by 2040. Biodiesel is an alternative energy source in the form of methyl esters of fatty acids (FAME) produced from vegetable or animal oils. Crude palm oil (CPO) is preferred as a raw material for biodiesel production due to its established processing methods and sustainable availability. Biodiesel is typically obtained through a transesterification process, where triglycerides react with methanol, aided by a catalyst, to produce a mixture of alkyl esters and glycerol as a byproduct. However, high levels of glycerol in biodiesel can lead to several problems such as sediment formation in storage tanks, fuel filter clogging, and injector damage in diesel engines. Therefore, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is used as a reactant, replacing methanol, to produce glycerol-free biodiesel with a more valuable byproduct called glycerol dicarbonate (GDC), commonly used as an additive and solvent in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The glycerol-free biodiesel plant is designed to use ultrafiltration membranes as technology in the purification process to minimize wastewater treatment processes and energy requirements. This plant is designed to have a production capacity of 500,000 tons per year. It will operate for 330 working days per year and will take the form of a Limited Liability Company (PT). The organizational structure to be employed is the line and staff method, with a total of 123 employees needed to run this company. The plant will be established in the Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, on a 25,000 m2 land area. The water source for the plant will be from the Ular River, while electricity will be supplied by the State Electricity Company (PLN) and a generator with a capacity of 1426,96 kW. vi The objective of building this plant is to contribute to the diversification of energy sources, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and enhancing the added value of local natural resources. The economic analysis results obtained are as follows: 1. Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) = Rp. 507.447.679.477,70,- 2. Working Capital Investment (WCI) = Rp. 56.383.075.497,52,- 3. Total Capital Investment (TCI) = Rp. 563.830.754.975,22,- 4. Total Production Cost (TPC) = Rp. 9.106.944.096.953,63,- 5. Sales Cost (SC) = Rp. 9.766.937.417.146,91,- 6. Net Profit = Rp. 494.994.990.144,95,- 7. Break-Even Point (BEP) = 51,31 % 8. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 68,27 % 9. Pay Out Time (POT) = 1,59 years