Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Konsepsi pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di provinsi aceh akhyar tarfi ilyas ismail zahratul idami efendi abstrak pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh belum diatur secara khusus dan konkrit dalam undang-undang nomor 11 tahun 2006 tentang pemerintah aceh (uu 11/2006), undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 1960 tentang peraturan dasar pokok-pokok agraria (uu 5/1960) dan peraturan perundangan lainnya sebagai tindaklanjut dari amanat butir 3.2.5 mou helsinki. kekosongan pengaturan telah menyebabkan pelaksanaannya terkendala, belum tuntas, ketidapastian dalam penyelesaiannya, belum mampu memberikan keadilan dan kemakmuran bagi subyek penerimanya, sehingga telah menghambat proses reintegrasi dan upaya pemulihan berbagai dimensi kehidupan masyarakat paska konflik di aceh. secara konstitusional, kelompok masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh adalah bagian warga negara indonesia (wni) yang wajib mendapatkan perlindungan, pemajuan, penegakan, dan pemenuhan hak asasinya oleh pemerintah dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya sesuai amanat pasal 28i uud 1945. berdasarkan pertimbangan di atas, maka penelitian disertasi ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji dan menjelaskan hakikat pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik, bentuk pengaturan pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di indonesia dan konsepsi ideal pengaturan pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik menuju pembangunan perdamaian berkelanjutan di aceh. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, melalui pengkajian berhubungan dengan pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh. penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, historis, perbandingan dan konseptual. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) hakikat pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh adalah adanya kewenangan pemerintah sebagai wujud tanggung jawab negara kepada masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik melalui pemberian tanah disertai legalitas haknya yang berkeadilan dan mensejahterakan untuk mewujudkan perdamaian berkelanjutan di aceh. pemerintah belum menyelesaikan pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik sebagai bagian dari hak konstitusional wni yang wajib dipenuhi dan dilindungi oleh pemerintah sesuai amanat dalam batang tubuh, pasal 28 i dan pasal 33 ayat (3) uud 1945. (2) pengaturan hukum pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik belum diakomodasi dalam peraturan perundangan di indonesia, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian, ketidakadilan dan belum memberikan kemanfaatan bagi subyek penerimanya. bentuk pengaturan yang mengacu pada naskah mou helsinki, uu 11/2006, uu 5/1960 dan peraturan perundangan terkait lainnya belum cukup untuk dijadikan sebagai dasar hukum (legal standing) pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh. (3) konsepsi pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh mengacu pada kebijakan reforma agraria yang berkeadilan dan memberikan kemakmuran bagi penerimanya. untuk itu, pengaturan pemenuhan hak atas tanah perlu diakomodasikan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan meliputi pengaturan subyek penerima dengan mengakomodir masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik disertai pembatasan hak dan kewajibannya, pengaturan kriteria obyek yang bersumber dari tanah negara bebas (fresh land), pelepasan kawasan hutan, tanah bekas hak dan mengakomodir konsep ihrazul mubahat, jenis hak atas tanah yang diberikan tidak hanya berupa hak perorangan, namun juga berbentuk hak kepemilikan bersama, kewenangan pelaksanaan sesuai tingkatan pemerintahan serta upaya produktifitas tanah melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat dan keterlibatan stakeholder berbasis kearifan lokal masyarakat demi terwujudnya perdamaian berkelanjutan di aceh. saran dari penelitian ini, yaitu: (1) pemerintah sesuai kewenangannya segera melaksanakan pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh sebagai wujud tanggung jawab negara terhadap rakyatnya. kewenangan dilaksanakan secara berjenjang mulai tingkat kabupaten/kota, provinsi hingga pemerintah pusat, sehingga akan memberikan kepastian, keadilan dan kemanfaatan bagi masyarakat yang berhak. (2) pemerintah segera melakukan revisi peraturan perundangan yang telah ada dengan memasukkan beberapa muatan mengenai pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik di aceh pada uu no. 11 tahun 2006 dan perpres 62 tahun 2023. (3) pemerintah dapat mengadopsi kebijakan reforma agraria dalam melaksankan pemenuhan hak atas tanah bagi masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik aceh melalui pelaksanaan penataan aset, penataan akses dan penatagunaan tanah dilakukan secara bersamaan dan tidak parsial, sehingga akan tercipta kepastian, keadilan dan kemanfaatan yang hakiki menunju perdamaian berkelanjutan di aceh. kata kunci: pemenuhan hak atas tanah, masyarakat yang terlibat dan terdampak konflik

CONCEPTION OF FULFILLING LAND RIGHTS FOR COMMUNITIES INVOLVED AND AFFECTED IN CONFLICT IN ACEH PROVINCE Akhyar Tarfi1 Ilyas Ismail2 Zahratul Idami3 Efendi4 ABSTRACT Fulfillment of land rights for communities involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh has not been specifically and concretely regulated in Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh (UU 11/2006), Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations and Principles Agrarian Affairs (UU 5/1960) and other laws and regulations as a follow-up to the mandate of point 3.2.5 of the Helsinki MoU. The regulatory vacuum has resulted in its implementation remaining incomplete, hampered, uncertainty in its resolution, unable to provide justice and prosperity for entitled subjects, thus hampering the reintegration process and efforts to restore various dimensions of post-conflict community life in Aceh. Constitutionally, the community groups involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh are Indonesian citizens (WNI) who are obliged to receive protection, promotion, enforcement and fulfillment of their human rights by the government in accordance with the mandate of Article 28I and Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Based on the considerations above, this dissertation research was conducted to examine and explain the nature of fulfilling land rights for communities involved and affected by conflict, the form of regulation of fulfilling land rights for communities involved and affected by conflict in Indonesian laws and regulations and the ideal conception. arrangements for fulfilling land rights for communities involved and affected by conflict towards building sustainable peace in Aceh. This research uses normative juridical legal research methods, through the study of statutory regulatory documents and library materials. This research was conducted in order to obtain material in the form of theories, concepts, legal principles and legal regulations related to fulfilling land rights for communities involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh. This research uses statutory, historical, comparative and conceptual approaches. The research results show that (1) The essence of fulfilling land rights for the people involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh is the government's accountability efforts in accordance with its authority to realize social justice and the greatest prosperity of the people. Efforts were made to provide land to communities involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh Province as part of the constitutional rights of Indonesian citizens which the Indonesian government has yet to fulfill. (2) The form of legal regulation for fulfilling land rights for communities involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh has not received specific and concrete regulation in Law 11/2006, Law 5/1960 and other statutory regulations. On the other hand, the position of the Helsinki MoU as a source of norms in the initial regulation of fulfilling land rights cannot be used as a legal basis, considering that the Helsinki MoU is not included in the legal sources in Indonesia as regulated in Law 12/2011. (3) The concept of fulfilling land rights for communities involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh refers to agrarian reform policies that focus on justice and benefits by accommodating local wisdom norms that do not conflict with national legal values. The land given is accompanied by legality and can provide prosperity for the owner. Proposed clauses for improving legislative regulations include regulating recipient subjects, by accommodating communities involved and affected by conflict along with limiting their rights and obligations, regulating objects originating from free state land (fresh land), releasing forest areas, former rights land and accommodating the concept of ihrazul Mubahat, the type of land rights granted is not only in the form of individual rights, but also in the form of collective ownership rights, implementation authority according to government level as well as land productivity efforts through community empowerment and involvement of stakeholders based on local community wisdom for the realization of sustainable peace in Aceh. The contribution of this research as a prescription that can be recommended is: (1) The government, in accordance with its authority, is obliged to immediately fulfill land rights for the people involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh as a form of state responsibility towards its people. The authority to implement it is carried out in stages and in a complementary way, from the district/city, provincial to central government levels, so that the resolution is completed quickly and provides certainty, justice and benefits for the entitled communities. (2) The government will immediately revise existing laws and regulations by including several contents regarding the fulfillment of land rights for communities involved and affected by the conflict in Aceh in Law no. 11 of 2006 and Presidential Decree 62 of 2023. (3) The government can adopt an Agrarian Reform policy in implementing the fulfillment of land rights for communities involved and affected by the Aceh conflict, preceded by careful and comprehensive planning. The implementation of asset management, access management and land use is carried out simultaneously and not partially, so that certainty, justice and genuine benefits will be created for the communities involved and affected by the conflict towards sustainable peace in Aceh. Keywords: Fulfillment of Land Rights, Communities Involved and Affected by Conflict