Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Latar belakang: cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo merupakan produk terbanyak dalam proses pengolahan buah kopi. cascara pulp ini diduga mengandung senyawa antioksidan yang bermanfaat untuk photoaging. hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan krim ekstrak cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo sebagai terapi photoaging. tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan antioksidan, interaksi antar senyawa yang terkandung di dalam cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo terhadap ap-1 yang berperan dalam photoaging, keamanan krim ekstrak cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo pada tikus wistar dan manusia, dan efektifitas pemberian krim ekstrak cascara pulp kopi arabika terhadap protein tnf-α, mmp-1, dan kolagen tipe 1 pada tikus wistar serta perbaikan terhadap hidrasi kulit pada manusia. metode penelitian: cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo diekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. ekstrak tersebut dianalisis kandungan dan aktivitas antioksidannya serta interaksi antar senyawa dinilai secara in silico. kemudian, ekstrak tersebut diformulasikan menjadi krim, yaitu f0 (krim basis), f1 (krim 5%), f2 (krim 7,5%), dan f3 (krim 10%). seluruh krim dilakukan uji keamanan pada hewan coba dan manusia. dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan elisa dari jaringan kulit tikus wistar jantan untuk menentukan kadar tnf- α, mmp-1, dan kolagen tipe 1 pada tikus wistar. setelah itu, dilakukan penilaian hidrasi kulit pada manusia. hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo memiliki kadar flavonoid total 91,81mgqe/g, kadar polifenol total 2,04 mg gae/g ekstrak, dan ic50 sebesar 9,59. senyawa tertinggi dari hasil gc-ms yaitu 5-hidroksimetilfurfural,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one (ddmp) dan kafein. secara in silico, didapatkan energi ikatan 5-hmf - ap-1 yaitu -172,8 kj/mol, ddmp - ap-1 yaitu -137,4 kj/mol, dan kafein - ap-1 yaitu -63,188 kj/mol. krim yang dihasilkan memiliki stabilitas yang baik dan tidak didapatkan iritasi pada kulit tikus wistar. pemeriksaan elisa dari tikus wistar, didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna yaitu peningkatan kadar kolagen tipe 1 dan penurunan mmp-1 pada tikus yang mendapat krim ekstrak cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo dengan yang tidak, kadar tnf- α tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. hasil patch test pada manusia tidak ditemukan adanya iritasi dan terjadi perbaikan hidrasi kulit setelah pemberian krim ekstrak cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo. kesimpulan: antioksidan terbesar yang terkandung pada ekstrak cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo adalah 5-hidroksimetilfurfural. krim cascara pulp kopi arabika gayo mengandung antioksidan, aman digunakan dan berpotensi sebagai terapi alternatif pada photoaging dengan cara meningkatkan kolagenisasi dan perbaikan hidrasi kulit. kata kunci: krim cascara, kopi arabika gayo, photoaging, pulp kopi

Background: Cascara pulp of Gayo Arabica coffee is the most abundant product in the processing of coffee cherries. Cascara pulp is thought to contain antioxidant compounds that are useful for photoaging. Currently, there is no research available on the use of Gayo Arabica coffee pulp extract cream as photoaging therapy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antioxidant content, the interaction between compounds contained in Gayo Arabica coffee cascara pulp against AP-1 which plays a role in photoaging, the safety of Gayo Arabica coffee cascara pulp extract cream in wistar rats and humans, and the effectiveness of the Gayo Arabica coffee cascara pulp extract cream on TNF-, MMP-1, and collagen type 1 proteins in wistar rats and improvement of skin hydration in humans. Method: Gayo Arabica coffee cascara pulp extract was extracted with 96% ethanol as solvent. The extracts were analyzed for their antioxidant content and activity and the interactions between compounds were assessed by in silico. Then, the extract was formulated into a cream, namely F0 (base cream), F1 (concentration of 5%), F2 (concentration of 7.5%), and F3 (concentration of 10%). All creams were tested for safety on animals and humans. Followed by ELISA examination from skin tissue of male wistar rats to determine the rate of TNF-α, MMP-1, and collagen type 1 proteins in wistar rats. After that, the skin hydration assessment in humans was carried out. Results: The results showed that the Gayo Arabica coffee cascara pulp extract had a total flavonoid content of 91.81mgQE/g, a total polyphenol content of 2.04 mg GAE/g of extract, and an IC50 of 9.59. The compounds with the highest GC-MS examination were 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) and caffeine. In silico showed that the bond energy of 5-HMF–AP-1-172.8 kJ/mol, DDMP–AP-1-137,4 kJ/mol, and caffeine – AP-1-63.188 kJ/mol. The resulting cream has good stability and no irritation is found on the skin of wistar rats. Based on ELISA examination on wistar rats, there was a significant difference which there is an increase in the level of type 1 collagen and decreased of MMP-1 in mice those who received Gayo Arabica coffee pulp extract cream and those who did not. There was no significant difference between rate of TNF-α. The results of the patch test in humans did not find any irritation and there was an improvement in skin hydration after administration of Gayo Arabica coffee cascara pulp extract cream. Conclusion: The biggest antioxidants contained in the cascara extract of Gayo arabica coffee pulp is 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Gayo Arabica coffee cascara pulp extract cream has contains antioxidants, safe to use and potential to become alternative therapy for photoaging by increasing collagenization and improving skin hydration. Keywords: Cascara cream, Gayo arabica coffee, photoaging, coffee pulp