Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pabrik formaldehid direncanakan akan dibangun di kawasan bontang, kalimantan timur dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 30.000 ton/tahun. selain itu lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk area pabrik dan perumahan karyawan seluas 38.910 m2. produk formaldehid akan digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet oleh industri pengolah produk kayu yang tersebar di beberapa lokasi di pulau sumatera dan juga di ekspor ke malaysia. selain produk kayu formaldehid juga digunakan di industri pelumas, sintesis bahan kimia intermediet dan farmasi. formaldehid memiliki sifat berbau tajam, berwarna bening, bereaksi dengan air membentuk metilen glikol dan bereaksi dengan asetaldehid di dalam larutan naoh membentuk pantaerhytol dan sodium format. proses yang digunakan untuk membuat formaldehid adalah metal oxyde, karena menggunakan katalis jenis vanadium penta oksida. selain itu katalis tersebut juga di dukung oleh oksida besi molibdenum. proses metal oxide menggunakan reaktor jenis fix bed multitube dan air sebagai media pendingin untuk menyerap panas reaktor. jumlah panas yang diserap oleh air adalah 5.773.933 kj/jam. reaksi bersifat eksotermis yang dikendalikan pada suhu 350 0c dan tekanan 1,5 atm. selain itu konversi yield formaldehid berkisar antara 88–92 %. gas formaldehid yang telah terbentuk akan diserap dengan air di kolom absorbsi didukung oleh packing jenis ceramic rascig ring ukuran 50 mm. hasil perhitungan nilai fixed capital investment (fci) yang diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan ialah sebesar rp 483.874.330.608. working capital investment (wci) yang diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan ialah sebesar rp 120.968.582.652 berdasarkan hasil perhitungan antara fixed capital investment (fci) dan working capital investment (wci) diperoleh nilai total capital investment (tci) sebesar rp 604.842.913.260. berdasarkan perhitungan diperoleh keuntungan total senilai rp 656.465.019.495, dengan rincian keuntungan kotor rp 1.020.161.185.384 dan keuntungan bersih sebesar rp 272.496.063.792. break event point (bep) adalah suatu keadaan di mana dalam operasinya perusahaan tidak memperoleh laba dan tidak menderita rugi. berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai bep sebesar 37%. laju pengembalian modal atau rate of return diperoleh dari perbandingan antara laba yang diperoleh setiap tahun terhadap total investasi senilai 45%. pay out time atau waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengembalikan modal yang telah digunakan adalah 3,32 tahun. tingkat suku bunga (internal rate of return) dari proyek yang akan dijalankan dalam jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan sebesar 36,7 %.

A formaldehyde plant is planned to be built in the Bontang area, East Kalimantan with a production capacity of 30,000 tons / year. In addition, the land needed for the factory area and employee housing is 38,910 m2. Formaldehyde products will be used as preservatives by wood product processing industries spread across several locations on the island of Sumatra and also exported to Malaysia. In addition to wood products, formaldehyde is also used in the lubricating industry, synthesis of intermediate chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Formaldehyde has the property of having a sharp-smelling, clear color, reacts with water to form methylene glycol and reacts with acetaldehyde in NaOH solution to form pantaerhytol and sodium formate. The process used to make formaldehyde is metal oxyde, because it uses a vanadium penta oxide type catalyst. In addition, the catalyst is also supported by molybdenum iron oxide. The Metal Oxide process uses a multitube fix bed type reactor and water as a cooling medium to absorb reactor heat. The amount of heat absorbed by water is 5,773,933 KJ/h. The reaction is exothermic controlled at a temperature of 350 0C and a pressure of 1.5 atm. In addition, formaldehyde yield conversion ranges from 88–92%. Formaldehyde gas that has been formed will be absorbed with water in the absorption column supported by packing type ceramic rascig ring size 50 mm. The calculation of the value of Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) obtained from the calculation results is IDR 483,874,330,608. Working Capital Investment (WCI) obtained from the calculation results is IDR 120,968,582,652 Based on the calculation results between Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) and Working Capital Investment (WCI), a Total Capital Investment (TCI) value of IDR 604,842,913,260 is obtained. Based on calculations, a total profit of IDR 656,465,019,495 was obtained, with details of gross profit of IDR 1,020,161,185,384 and net profit of IDR 272,496,063,792. Break event point (BEP) is a situation in which in its operations the company does not earn profits and does not suffer losses. Based on the calculation results, a BEP value of 37% was obtained. The rate of return on capital or rate of return is obtained from the comparison between the profit earned each year to the total investment of 45%. Pay out time or the time needed to return the capital that has been used is 3.32 years. The interest rate (Internal rate of return) of the project to be carried out within a predetermined period of time is 36.7%.