Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kopi merupakan salah satu tanaman tropis yang menjadi bahan ekspor terpenting di dunia. indonesia merupakan salah satu negara pengekspor kopi dengan kualifikasi harga kopi yang murah namun tetap berkualitas baik serta memiliki banyak jenis varian, salah satunya adalah arabika. hal ini dikarenakan rasanya lebih enak daripada robusta. kabupaten aceh tengah dan bener meriah merupakan sentral utama produksi kopi arabika yang berasal dari provinsi aceh. kopi arabika yang berasal dari daerah tersebut biasa disebut sebagai kopi gayo. masyarakat dataran tinggi gayo cenderung membudidayakan kopi secara organik. namun, daya saing kopi gayo masih tergolong rendah, hal ini dikarenakan beberapa hal diantaranya kesuburan tanah menurun, pemeliharaan belum optimal, sumberdaya manusia masih tergolong rendah, kelembagaan petani lemah, kopi sudah tua, varietas bercampur, pengelolaan buah kopi belum seragam dan rantai pemasaran terlalu panjang. beberapa diantara penyebab tersebut dikarenakan faktor degradasi tanah yang disebabkan oleh pemanfaatan lahan untuk tanaman kopi secara terus menerus sehingga kesuburan tanah mulai menurun yang didukung oleh topografi berlereng di kabupaten bener meriah sehingga mempercepat laju kehilangan hara. oleh karena itu diperlukan pendekatan penilaian kelestarian tanah. penilaian kualitas tanah dapat berfungsi sebagai alat bagi manager pertanian dan bagi pembuat kebijakan lainnya untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang sistem pertanian yang dapat mempengaruhi sumberdaya tanah. adapun tujuan penelitian tentang indeks kualitas tanah di kecamatan bukit kabupaten bener meriah adalah untuk menguji indeks kualitas tanah perkebunan kopi di kecamatan bukit kabupaten bener meriah serta untuk membuat peta sebaran indeks kualitas tanah di perkebunan kopi di kecamatan bukit kabupaten bener meriah. penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dan masukan bagi penggunaan lahan dan pemerintah kabupaten bener meriah dalam menyusun perencanaan untuk pemanfaatan lahan secara optimal dan sebagai informasi bagi seluruh pemangku kepentingan dalam pemanfaatan lahan berdasarkan pola penggunaan lahan dan jenis tanah. penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah kabupaten bener meriah yang berlokasi di kecamatan bukit dengan luas areal 110,95 km2. analisis tanah dilakukan di laboratorium penelitian tanah dan tanaman fakultas pertanian universitas syiah kuala, darussalam, banda aceh. penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan maret hingga agustus 2020. adapun bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah peta penggunaan lahan saat ini (eksisting) kecamatan bukit kabupaten bener meriah skala 1:50.000; peta titik pengambilan sampel tanah (titik pengamatan) skala 1: 50.000 untuk wilayah kecamatan bukit kabupaten bener meriah yang diperoleh dari bappeda kabupaten bener meriah; serta bahan kimia lainnya untuk analisis sampel tanah di laboratorium. adapun peralatan yang digunakan meliputi peralatan lapangan dan peralatan laboratorium. peralatan lapangan antara lain bor tanah, ph meter (ph meter tancap), kompas, gps, parang, pisau, cangkul, sekop, meteran, kamera, plastik dan alat-tulis menulis. peralatan laboratorium yang digunakan untuk analisis sampel tanah adalah : ph meter, ec-meter. penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu melalui kegiatan survei lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. penentuan titik pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan dengan pendekatan satuan lahan (land system), yaitu dengan membagi wilayah studi kepada satuan-satuan lahan yang dibuat dari hasil overlay peta lereng dan jenis tanah. analisis kualitas tanah dilakukan dengan menggolongkan parameter yang diamati pada beberapa kriteria kemudian dihitung berdasarkan kriteria mausbach & seybold (1998) yang dimodifikasi sesuai dengan kondisi lahan. jenis tanah di kecamatan bukit terdiri dari andisol, latosol, komplek podsolik coklat podsol dan litosol. pada umumnya topografi di kecamatan bukit terdapat beberapa lereng diataranya, landai, landai atau berombak, agak miring atau bergelombang, miring atau berbukit, dan curam. hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat tiga kelas indeks kualitas tanah (ikt) sedang 0,40≤ ikt≤0,59, baik 0,60≤ ikt≤0,79 dan sangat baik 0,80≤ ikt≤1,00. hasil analisis luas sebaran indek kualitas tanah sedang 0,14 ha, baik 337,31 ha, dan sangat baik 2052,93 ha. hasil rata-rata dari indeks kualitas tanah kebun kopi di kecamatan bukit kabupaten bener meriah dalam katagori sangat baik yaitu, 1,00. agar biofisik lahan, kualitas tanah pada beberapa spl di kecamatan bukit kabupaten bener meriah dapat terjaga dan berkelanjutan perlu ada upaya konservasi tanah pada lahan agak curam tanpa olah tanah, olah tanah minimum dimusim kemarau dan olah tanah menurut kontur serta pembuatan rorak dan teras tapal kuda pada tanaman kopi pada lahan yang curam.

Coffee is one of the tropical plants which is the most important export material in the world. Indonesia is one of the coffee exporting countries with qualifications for cheap coffee prices but still good quality and has many types of variants, one of which is Arabica. This is because it tastes better than robusta. Central Aceh and Bener Meriah districts are the main centers of Arabica coffee production originating from the province of Aceh. Arabica coffee originating from the area is commonly referred to as gayo coffee. Gayo highland people tend to cultivate coffee organically. However, the competitiveness of Gayo coffee is still relatively low, this is due to several things including decreased soil fertility, maintenance is not optimal, human resources are still relatively low, farmer institutions are weak, coffee is old, mixed varieties, management of coffee cherries is not uniform and the marketing chain is too low. long. Some of these causes are due to soil degradation factors caused by continuous use of land for coffee plants so that soil fertility begins to decline which is supported by the sloping topography in Bener Meriah district, thereby accelerating the rate of nutrient loss. Therefore, a soil sustainability assessment approach is needed. Soil quality assessment can serve as a tool for farm managers and for other policy makers to gain a better understanding of the agricultural systems that affect soil resources. The purpose of the research on soil quality index in Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency is to test the soil quality index of coffee plantations in Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency and to make a distribution map of the soil quality index in Coffee Plantation in Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency. This research is expected to be a material for consideration and input for land use and the government of Bener Meriah Regency in preparing plans for optimal land use and as information for all stakeholders in land use based on land use patterns and soil types. The research was conducted in Bener Meriah Regency, located in Bukit District with an area of 110.95 Km2. Soil analysis was carried out at the Soil and Plant Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The research was carried out from March to August 2020. The materials used in this study were the current (existing) Land Use Map in Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency with a scale of 1:50,000; Map of Soil Sampling Points (Observation Points) with a scale of 1: 50,000 for the Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency obtained from the Bappeda of Bener Meriah Regency; as well as other chemicals for analysis of soil samples in the Laboratory. The equipment used includes field equipment and laboratory equipment. Field equipment included a soil drill, pH meter (pH meter plugged in), compass, GPS, machete, knife, hoe, shovel, meter, camera, plastic and writing utensils. Laboratory equipment used for soil sample analysis are: pH meter, EC-meter. This study uses a descriptive method, namely through field survey activities and laboratory analysis. Determination of observation points and soil sampling is carried out using a land unit approach, namely by dividing the study area into land units made from the results of overlaying slope maps and soil types. Soil quality analysis was carried out by classifying the observed parameters on several criteria and then calculated based on the criteria of Mausbach & Seybold (1998) which were modified according to land conditions. The type of soil in the hill district consists of andisol, latosol, brown podsolic complex and litosol. In general, the topography in Bukit District has several slopes, including sloping, sloping or wavy, slightly sloping or wavy, sloping or hilly, and steep. The results of the analysis showed that there were three classes of soil quality index (IKT) being 0.40≤ IKT≤0.59, good 0.60≤ IKT≤0.79 and very good 0.80≤ IKT≤1.00. The results of the analysis of the distribution area of the soil quality index were 0.14 Ha, good 337.31 Ha, and very good 2052.93 Ha. The average result of the soil quality index of coffee plantations in Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency is in the very good category, namely, 1.00. So that land biophysics, soil quality in several SSTs in Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency can be maintained and sustainable, it is necessary to have soil conservation efforts on rather steep land without tillage, minimum tillage in the dry season and tillage according to contours and making rorak and horseshoe terraces on coffee plants on steep land.