Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Katarak adalah kekeruhan pada lensa mata yang disebabkan oleh proses degenerasi dan terjadi seiring bertambahnya usia. salah satu tanaman yang secara empiris telah banyak digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit mata yaitu tanaman kitolod (hippobroma longiflora l). penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid dalam ekstrak kloroform, etil asetat dan n-butanol-air daun kitolod. tujuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas kedua senyawa tersebut terhadap protein human γd-crystallins (hgdc) menggunakan pendekatan secara in silico (molecular docking). ekstrak etanol 70% daun kitolod dilakukan pengujian fitokimia, kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut kloroform, etil asetat dan n-butanol. terhadap ekstrak kloroform, etil asetat dan n-butanol-air daun kitolod juga dilakukan pengujian fitokimia menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (klt) dan dianalisis senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid menggunakan gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). senyawa hasil gc-ms dilakukan pengujian lipinski rule of five (ro5) dilanjutkan dengan analisis molecular docking menggunakan software autodock vina, kemudian hasil divisualisasi menggunakan biovia discovery studio visualizer 2021. hasil analisis gc-ms menggunakan kolom nonpolar (rxi-1ms) terhadap ekstrak kloroform menghasilkan 26 senyawa, ekstrak etil asetat menghasilkan 19 senyawa dan ekstrak n-butanol-air menghasilkan 20 senyawa. hasil analisis gc-ms menggunakan kolom polar (wax) dan kolom nonpolar (rtx-5ms) terhadap ekstrak n-butanol-air berturut-turut mengandung 5 dan 6 senyawa. hasil analisis gc-ms terhadap ekstrak etil asetat menggunakan kolom nonpolar (tg-5ms) terdeteksi 44 senyawa. hasil analisis gc-ms menggunakan kolom tg-5ms terdeteksi empat (4) senyawa fenolik yaitu phenol, 4-(methoxymethyl), phenol, 4,6-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl, phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) dan phenol, 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl), sedangkan senyawa flavonoid pada semua ekstrak dan kolom tidak terdeteksi. hasil analisis molecular docking menunjukkan nilai binding affinity masing-masing senyawa fenolik yaitu -4,8, -5,2, -4,8 dan -5,0 kkal/mol. hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa phenol, 4,6-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl memiliki binding affinity terbaik terhadap protein hgdc dibandingkan dengan senyawa fenolik lainnya namun tidak lebih baik dari kontrol positif yaitu lanosterol dan n-acetyl carnosine (-6,4; -5,5).

Cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye caused by the degeneration process and occurs with the age. One of the plants that empirically has been widely used to treat various eye diseases is Hippobroma longiflora L. This study aimed to determine the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol-water extracts of kitolod leaves and determine the activity of these two compounds against Human γD-crystallins (HGDC) protein using an in-silico approach (molecular docking). The ethanol extract of H. longiflora leaves was tested for phytochemicals, then liquid- liquid extraction was carried out using chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol as solvents. The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol-water extracts of kitolod leaves were also tested for phytochemicals using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and analyzed for phenolic compounds and flavonoids using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Compounds resulting from GC-MS were tested by Lipinski Rule of Five (RO5) followed by molecular docking analysis using Autodock Vina software, then the results were visualized using the Biovia discovery studio visualizer 2021. The results of the GC-MS analysis using a nonpolar column (Rxi-1ms) on the chloroform extract produced 26 compounds, the ethyl acetate extract produced 19 compounds and the n-butanol-water extract produced 20 compounds. The results of the GC-MS analysis using a polar column (Wax) and a nonpolar column (Rtx 5ms) to the n-butanol-water extract contained 5 and 6 compounds, respectively. The results of the GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract using a nonpolar column (TG-5MS) detected 44 compounds. The results of the GC-MS analysis using the TG-5MS column detected four (4) phenolic compounds, namely Phenol, 4-(methoxymethyl), Phenol, 4,6-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl, Phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3- tetramethylbutyl) and Phenol, 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl), while the flavonoid compounds in all extract and column not detected. The results of molecular docking analysis showed that the binding affinity values of each phenolic compound were -4.8, -5.2, -4.8 and -5.0 kcal/mol. The results of the analysis concluded that the Phenol, 4,6-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl compound had the best binding affinity for HGDC protein compared to other phenolic compounds but not better than the positive control, named Lanosterol and N-Acetyl Carnosine (-6.4; -5.5).