Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Nanopartikel perak (AgNP) diketahui sebagai logam yang paling reaktif diantara logam lainnya sehingga sering digunakan sebagai agen untuk memusnahkan mikroba. Nanopartikel perak yang dihasilkan melalui metode green synthesis telah dilakukan menggunakan ekstrak daun dan bunga Calotropis gigantea yang tumbuh di daerah geotermal Ie Seu-Um, Aceh Besar. Melalui uji fitokimia, ekstrak bunga C. gigantea diketahui mengandung metabolit sekunder diantaranya saponin, fenolik, tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan alkaloid. Adapun esktrak daun C. gigantea diketahui mengandung saponin, fenolik, tannin, steroid, dan alkaloid. Sintesis AgNP-ekstrak C. gigantea yang berasal dari kawasan geotermal Ie Seu-Um telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan AgNO3 dengan konsentrasi 2 mM, 5 mM dan 9 mM. Ekstrak daun dan bunga C. gigantea dari kawasan geotermal Ie Seu-Um dapat digunakan sebagai bioreduktor untuk green synthesis nanopartikel perak dimana ditandai dengan terbentuknya warna larutan kuning kecoklatan dan cokelat kehitaman. Karakterisasi UV-Vis nanopartikel perak berhubungan dengan puncak Surface Plasmone Resonance (SPR) dimana puncak SPR AgNP-bunga C. gigantea yang disintesis menggunakan AgNO3 dengan konsentrasi 2 mM, 5 mM dan 9 mM masing-masing terdapat pada 410 nm, 430 nm dan 460 nm. Sedangkan SPR AgNP-daun C. gigantea yang disintesis menggunakan AgNO3 dengan konsentrasi 2 mM, 5 mM dan 9 mM masing-masing terdapat pada 420 nm, 430 nm dan 440 nm. AgNP-ekstrak daun dan bunga C. gigantea diketahui memiliki morfologi berbentuk sphere dan beraglomerasi serta memiliki daya hambat bakteri dan jamur patogen. Pada uji antibakteri baik bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif, AgNP-ekstrak bunga C. gigantea memiliki zona hambat yang lebih tinggi dari AgNP-daun C. gigantea. Namun hal tersebut tidak terjadi pada aktivitas antijamur. Kedua sampel tidak memiliki perbedaan zona hambat yang signifikan. Hal paling menarik dalam penelitian ini ialah AgNP-ekstrak daun C. gigantea memiliki zona hambat C. albicans yang cukup tinggi walaupun diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun C. gigantea dari kawasan geotermal Ie Seu-Um tidak memiliki aktivitas antijamur sama sekali.
Kata Kunci: AgNP, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, C. gigantea, manifestasi geotermal

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are known to be the most reactive metal among other metals, so they are often used as agents to destroy microbes. Silver nanoparticles produced through the green synthesis method have been carried out using leaf and flower extracts of Calotropis gigantea that grow in the Ie Seu-Um geothermal area, Aceh Besar. The result of phytochemical tests, C. gigantea’s flower extract is known to contain secondary metabolites including saponins, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The leaf extract of C. gigantea is known to contain saponins, phenolics, tannins, steroids, and alkaloids. The synthesis of AgNP-extract of C. gigantea from the Ie Seu-Um geothermal area has been successfully carried out using AgNO3 with concentrations of 2 mM, 5 mM and 9 mM. Leaf and flower extract of C. gigantea from the Ie Seu-Um geothermal area can be used as a bioreductant for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles which is indicated by the formation of brownish yellow and blackish brown solutions. UV-Vis characterization of silver nanoparticles corresponded to Surface Plasmone Resonance (SPR) peaks where SPR peaks of AgNP-flower extract C. gigantea synthesized using AgNO3 with concentrations of 2 mM, 5 mM and 9 mM were found at 410 nm, 430 nm and 460 nm, respectively. While SPR peaks of AgNP-leaf extract C. gigantea synthesized using AgNO3 with concentrations of 2 mM, 5 mM and 9 mM were found at 420 nm, 430 nm and 440 nm, respectively. AgNP-leaf and flower extract of C. gigantea is known to have a sphere-shaped and agglomerated morphology as well as inhibiting bacterial and fungal pathogens. In the antibacterial test for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, AgNP-flower extract C. gigantea had a higher inhibition zone than AgNP-leaf C. gigantea. However, this did not occur in the antifungal activity. The two samples did not have a significant difference in the zone of inhibition. The most interesting thing in this study was that the AgNP-leaf extract C. gigantea had a fairly high inhibition zone of C. albicans although it was known that the leaf extract of C. gigantea from the Ie Seu-Um geothermal area had no antifungal activity at all. Keyword: AgNP, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, C. gigantea, Geothermal Manifestation