Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ascaridia galli merupakan nematoda penyebab askariasis pada usus halus unggas. Penyakit ini menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar berupa kematian, keterlambatan pertumbuhan, dan penurunan produksi telur. Pengendalian nematoda ini membutuhkan strategi pengendalian yang baik untuk menghindari resiko resistensi, salah satunya yaitu penggunaan herbal seperti jintan hitam dengan senyawa kimia utama yaitu thymoquinone. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat motilitas cacing Ascaridia galli pada perlakuan ekstrak etanol biji jintan hitam dengan dosis berbeda dan mengetahui perbandingan dosis ekstrak etanol biji jintan hitam terhadap lamanya cacing Ascaridia galli bertahan hidup di dalam larutannya. Pembuatan ekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan perendaman larutan etanol 96% selama 3 hari. Cacing dikoleksi pada usus ayam domestik dari pasar Lampulo dan Lambaro di Banda Aceh. Pengamatan motilitas dan mortalitas dilakukan dengan merendam 5 ekor cacing pada setiap kelompok. Kontrol negatif (C1), kontrol Positif (C2), ekstrak konsentrasi 15% (T1), ekstrak konsentrasi 25% (T2), dan ekstrak konsentrasi 45% (T3). Ekstrak diencerkan dengan larutan CMC 0,5%. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 15 menit hingga cacing mati. Skor 3 (sangat aktif), skor 2 (bergerak sebagian), skor 1 (tidak bergerak), dan skor 0 (mati). Analisis data menunjukkan hasil motilitas dan mortalitas berbeda nyata pada setiap kelompok. Hasil uji Duncan tingkat motilitas kelompok C1, C2, T1, T2, dan T3 menunjukan hasil 1242 ± 37,349 e, 78 ± 6,708 a, 876 ± 167,234 d, 792 ± 68,410 c, dan 231 ± 55,722 b dan tingkat mortalitas kelompok C1, C2, T1, T2, dan T3 secara berurutan menunjukkan 2592 ± 91,487 e, 801 ± 61,481 b, 1557 ± 130,076 d, 1350 ± 76,485 c, dan 612 ± 40,249 a. Pemberian ekstrak etanol biji jintan hitam konsentrasi 45% menyebabkan penurunan motilitas paling cepat dibandingkan perlakuan konsentrasi jintan hitam lainnya dan ekstrak etanol biji jintan hitam konsentrasi 45% juga menyebabkan mortalitas paling cepat dibandingkan kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak jintan hitam lainnya. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa perlakuan menggunakan ekstrak etanol biji jintan hitam pada cacing Ascaridia galli secara in vitro menyebabkan perbedaan nyata, baik secara motilitas maupun mortalitas.


Kata kunci: Antelmintik, Ascaridia galli, jintan hitam, dan ayam domestik.

Ascaridia galli is a nematode that cases ascaridiosis in small intestine of poultry. This disease causes major economic losses in the form of death, growth retardation, and reduced egg production. Control of this nematode requires a good control strategy to avoid the risk of resistance, one of which is the use of herbs such9 as black cumin with the main chemical compound thymoquinone. This study aims to determine the level of motility of Ascaridia galli after the treatment of black cumin seeds with different doses and to determine the ratio of the dose of ethanolic extract of black cumin seeds to the length of time Ascaridia galli survive in the solution. Extracts were made using the maceration method by immersing in 96% ethanol solution for 3 days. Worms were collected from the intestines of chickens sold in the Lampulo and Lambaro wet markets in Banda Aceh. Motility and mortality observations were carried out by soaking 5 worms in each treatment group. Negative control (C1), positive control (C2), extract concentration of 15% (T1), extract concentration of 25% (T2), and extract concentration of 45% (T3). The extract was diluted with 0.5% CMC solution. Observations were made every 15 minutes until the worms died. A score of 3 (very active), a score of 2 (partially moving), a score of 1 (not moving), and a score of 0 (dead). Data analysis showed that the results of motility and mortality were significantly different in each group. The results of Duncan's test of motility levels in groups C1, C2, T1, T2, and T3 showed the results of 1242 ± 37.349 e, 78 ± 6.708 a, 876 ± 167.234 d, 792 ± 68.410 c, and 231 ± 55.722 b and the mortality rate of group C1, C2 , T1, T2, and T3 respectively showed 2592 ± 91.487 e, 801 ± 61.481 b, 1557 ± 130.076 d, 1350 ± 76.485 c, and 612 ± 40.249 a. Ethanol extract of black cumin seeds with a concentration of 45% caused the fastest decrease in motility compared to other concentrations of black cumin seeds and ethanol extract of black cumin seeds with a concentration of 45% also caused the fastest mortality compared to other treatment groups of black cumin extract. It can be concluded that the treatment using ethanol extract of black cumin seeds on Ascaridia galli worms in vitro caused significant differences, both in terms of motility and mortality. Keywords: Anthelmintic, Ascaridia galli, Nigella sativa, and domestic chicken.