Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Nanopartikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kerbau aceh (Bubalus bubalis) telah berhasil disintesis. dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Miscroscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), dan uji aktivitas katalitiknya pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit jenis Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO). Hasil karakterisasi dengan XRD dan FTIR menunjukkan hidroksiapatit (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) , kalsium oksida (CaO), dan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) sebagai komponen utama. Ukuran kristal partikel anorganik yang diperoleh dihitung menggunakan persamaan Debye-Scherrer, di mana ukuran partikel yang dipreprasi melalui metode presipitasi dan stelah proses kalsinasi berturut-turut sebesar 161,08 nm dan 44,9568 nm. Hasil analisa menggunakan SEM-EDX menunjukkan bahwa partikel oksida anorganik yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600 oC menghasilkan distribusi dan morfologi partikel yang lebih homogen dengan unsur penyusun dominan pada kedua sampel yaitu kalsium (Ca), oksigen (O), dan fosfor (P). Uji aktivitas katalitik partikel oksida anorganik pada transesterifikasi menunjukkan bahwa partikel oksida anorganik yang melalui proses kalsinasi memiliki aktivitas katalitik yang lebih baik dengan perolehan yield biodiesel sebesar 87,9% dibandingkan aktivitas katalitik partikel oksida anorganik hasil kalsinasi dengan perolehan yield biodiesel sebesar 75,85%. Hasil uji GC-MS mengidentifikasi beberapa jenis metil ester dalam biodiesel hasil transesterifikasi, seperti metil palmitat dan metil oleat. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki bilangan asam, massa jenis, dan viskositas yang sudah sesuai dengan ketetapan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 04-7182-2015.
Kata kunci biodiesel, katalis oksida anorganik, nanopartikel , tulang kerbau

It has been succesfully synthesized inorganic oxide nanoparticles from Aceh buffalo bones (Bubalus bubalis). Inorganic particle characterisation was done using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas an assessment of its catalytic activity in the Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) type palm oil transesterification reaction. Based on the XRD and FTIR characterization results, the main components were identified as hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The Debye-Scherrer equation was used to determine the crystal sizes of the inorganic particles obtained; The precipitation process resulted in inorganic particles with a size of 161.08 nm, and the calcination process had the effect of reducing those particles to 44.9568 nm in size. The SEM-EDX characterization showed that the inorganic oxide particles that were calcined at 600 C produced a more homogeneous particle distribution and morphology, with calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P) being the main constituent elements in both samples. Those inorganic oxide particles were used to evaluate its catalytic activity in transesterification; in contrast, inorganic oxide particles that underwent calcination demonstrated superior catalytic activity, yielding 87.9% more biodiesel capered than those that did not undergo calcination, which produced a biodiesel yield of 75.85%.Finally, a GC-MS analysis of the transterification product confirmed that the reaction products contained variety of methyl esters, including methyl oleate and methyl palmitate. The obtained biodiesel satisfies the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 04-7182-2015 in terms of acid number, density, and viscosity. Key words: biodiesel, inorganic oxides catalyst, nanoparticles, and buffalo bones.