Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Paparan berulang radiasi sinar ultraviolet diketahui dapat menyebabkan penuaan dini pada kulit yang dikenal sebagai photoaging. Terjadinya photoaging ditandai dengan munculnya kerutan yang dalam dan pigmentasi yang tidak merata sehingga menurunkan estetika kulit. Salah satu bahan alami yang diketahui memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai anti photoaging adalah cempaka kuning (Magnolia champaca L.), namun mekanisme molekularnya belum dipahami secara menyeluruh. Pada penelitian ini pendekatan jejaring farmakologi digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana senyawa minyak atsiri bunga cempaka kuning meregulasi aktivitas anti photoaging pada kulit. Senyawa aktif minyak atsiri bunga cempaka kuning diperoleh melalui analisis GC-MS. Potensi obat dari senyawa aktif minyak atsiri bunga cempaka kuning dianalisis menggunakan Swiss ADME berdasarkan aturan Lipinski serta sifat farmakokinetik dari senyawa. Protein target photoaging kulit dari minyak atsiri bunga cempaka kuning diperoleh melalui 4 basis data yaitu Swiss Target dan Super Pred (target senyawa) serta NCBI dan Gen Card (target photoaging kulit). Basis data STRING digunakan untuk mengetahui interaksi protein-protein target, proses biologis, serta analisis jalur pengayaan. Cytoscape digunakan untuk memvisualisasikan jejaring farmakologi. Hasil analisis bioavailabilitas dan farmakokinetik menunjukkan bahwa seluruh senyawa berpotensi sebagai obat. Analisis jejaring farmakologi, proses biologis serta jalur pengayaan menunjukkan bahwa Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-kB), Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), dan Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) sebagai target kunci minyak atsiri bunga cempaka kuning dalam meregulasi aktivitas anti photoaging kulit.

Repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to cause premature aging of the skin, a condition referred to as photoaging. Photoaging is characterized by the appearance of deep wrinkles and uneven pigmentation, which diminishes skin aesthetics. One natural plant with documented bioactivity as a natural anti-photoaging agent is Magnolia champaca, commonly known as the cempaka kuning. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain incompletely understood. In this study, a network pharmacology approach was employed to investigate how the active compounds in cempaka flower essential oil regulate anti-photoaging activity in the skin. The active compounds were obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The potential drug properties of these compounds were assessed using Swiss ADME based on Lipinski’s rule of five, along with pharmacokinetic properties. Protein targets associated with skin photoaging were identified from four databases: Swiss Target, Super Pred (for compound targets), NCBI and GenCard (for skin photoaging targets). The STRING database was used to explore protein-protein interactions, biological processes, and pathway enrichment. Cytoscape was employed to visualize the pharmacological network. The results of bioavailability and pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that all the identified compounds have potential as drugs. The network pharmacology analysis, biological processes, and pathway enrichment highlighted key targets for cempaka flower essential oil in regulating anti-photoaging activity in the skin. These targets include Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Nuclear Factor KappaB (NF-kB), Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9).