Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antimikroba. Patchouli Oil-Based Sulfur Nanoemulsion (PO-S-Nanoemulsions) merupakan dispersi halus minyak dalam air dengan kombinasi patchouli oil dan sulfur nanopartikel. Sulfur nanopartikel yang digunakan merupakan hasil dari metode green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak air daun nilam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses green synthesis sulfur nanopartikel, formulasi dan karakterisasi PO-S-Nanoemulsions serta menentukan aktivitas antimikrobial terhadap jamur C. albicans dan bakteri S. aureus. Ekstrak air daun nilam (EADN) dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR dan GC-MS. Sulfur nanopartikel hasil green synthesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, XRD, XRF dan SEM-EDX. Minyak nilam fraksi berat (MNFB) dan fraksi ringan (MNFR) ditentukan nilai MIC50 menggunakan uji konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM). Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa komponen utama kedua fraksi minyak adalah patchouli alcohol. Hasil uji KHM dan KBM menunjukkan MNFB memiliki aktivitas yang tinggi terhadap S. aureus dengan nilai MIC50 adalah 3,125%. Sediaan PO-Nanoemulsions diformulasikan menjadi A1, A2, A3, A4, dan A5. Hasil uji aktivitas antimikrobial menunjukkan aktivitas paling tinggi pada formula A1 dengan hasil analisis PSA diameter rata-ratanya 406 nm. Sediaan PO-S-Nanoemulsions diformulasikan dari formula A1 yang dikombinasikan dengan sulfur nanopartikel (masing-masing 50 ppm) dengan konsentrasi MNFB adalah A11 (0,5 ml), A12 (1,5 ml) dan A13 (3,0 ml). Hasil pengujian aktivitas antimikrobial terhadap bakteri S. aureus menghasilkan zona hambat dari formula A11, A12, dan A13 berturut-turut adalah 8,26mm, 16,85mm dan 16,17mm sementara terhadap jamur C. albicans tidak menghasilkan zona hambat. Hasil analisis PSA Patchouli Oil-Sulfur- Nanoemulsion formula A12 adalah 394 nm. PO-S-Nanoemulsions memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat bakteri S. aureus, tetapi tidak terhadap jamur C. albicans.

Kata kunci: Tanaman nilam, Patchouli Oil, Green synthesis, Sulfur nanopartikel, Patchouli Oil-Based Sulfur Nanoemulsion, S. aureus, C. albicans

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of the medicinal plants that has antimicrobial activity. Patchouli Oil-Based Sulfur Nanoemulsion is a fine dispersion of oil in water with a combination of patchouli oil and sulfur. Sulfur nanoparticles used in this study are the result of a green synthesis method using patchouli leaf water extract (P. cablin Benth). This study aims to determine the green synthesis process of sulfur nanoparticles, formulation and characterization of PO-S-Nanoemulsions and to determine the biological activity of PO-S-Nanoemulsions PO-S-Nanoemulsions against C. albicans fungi and S. aureus bacteria. Patchouli Leaf Water Extract was characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, sulfur nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XRF and SEM-EDX. Characterization of patchouli oil using FT-IR and GC-MS showed the functional groups of patchouli alcohol compounds as the main compounds, while the results of KHM and KBM tests showed activity at a concentration of 3.125% so that patchouli oil heavy fraction was chosen to be used in the formulation. Nanoemulsion-patchouli oil formulations A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 were subjected to organoleptic tests and activity tests that showed the highest activity in formula A1 with the results of PSA analysis of the average diameter of 406 nm. . Patchouli Oil-Based Sulfur Nanoemulsion A11, A12 and A13 were formulated from formula A1 combined with 50 ppm sulfur nanoparticles, then conducted organoleptic tests, PSA analysis and activity tests against C. albicans fungi and S. aureus bacteria using the pitting method. The results of antibacterial activity testing against S. aureus bacteria resulted in inhibition zones from formulas A11, A12, and A13 of 8.26mm, 16.85mm and 16.17mm respectively. while the results of antifungal activity testing against C. albicans fungi did not produce inhibition zones. The PSA analysis result of Patchouli Oil-Based Sulfur Nanoemulsion formula A12 was 394 nm. PO-S-Nanoemulsions has the ability to inhibit S. aureus bacteria, but, not against C. albicans fungi. Keywords: Patchouli plant, Patchouli Oil, Green synthesis, Sulfur nanoparticles, Patchouli Oil-Based Sulfur Nanoemulsion, S. aureus, C. albicans