Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pemanfaatan tanaman herbal seperti jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.,), kunyit (Curcuma longa L.), serai (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) dan habbatussauda (Nigella sativa L.) telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagian masyarakat Indonesia secara turun-temurun. Namun untuk penggunaan kombinasi dari keempat tanaman ini secara luas diperlukan bukti ilmiah mengenai keamanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas campuran ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe, kunyit, pelepah serai dan biji habbatussauda (JKSH) berdasarkan pengamatan gejala toksik, perubahan anatomi mencit (Mus musculus L.) dan mengetahui tingkat toksisitas melalui perhitungan LD50. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan
menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pada 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol, campuran ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe, kunyit, pelepah serai dan biji habbatussauda (JKSH) dengan dosis 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, 3000 mg/kgBB, 4000 mg/kgBB dan 5000 mg/kgBB yang diberikan secara oral. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa kandungan dari campuran ekstrak etanol JKSH yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, fenolik dan tanin. Berdasarkan pemberian campuran ekstrak JKSH menimbulkan perubahan tingkah laku pada mencit, seperti aktivitas motorik (dosis 1000 mg/kgBB hingga 5000 mg/kgBB), kejang (dosis 3000 mg/kgBB hingga 5000 mg/kgBB), reaksi tidak jelas dan agresif (dosis 4000 mg/kgBB dan 5000 mg/kgBB). Pemberian campuran ekstrak etanol JKSH mempengaruhi berat badan hewan uji setelah 14 hari pengamatan. Pemberian dosis 1000 mg/kgBB hingga 5000 mg/kgBB mengalami kenaikan berat badan. Pemberian campuran ekstrak etanol JKSH dosis 5000 mg/kgBB meningkatkan berat relatif organ hati dan limpa serta penurunan berat relatif organ ginjal dan jantung. Warna semua jenis organ pasca perlakuan terdapat perbedaan signifikan dibandingkan kontrol. Pemberian campuran ekstrak etanol JKSH tidak menyebabkan kematian pada hewan uji sehingga dinyatakan dengan LD50 semu dan termasuk dalam kategori tidak beracun sehingga campuran ekstrak JKSH aman digunakan.

The use of herbal plants such as ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) and black seed (Nigella sativa L.) has been widely used by Indonesian people for generations. However, for widespread use of the combination of these four plants, scientific evidence regarding their safety is needed. This study aims to determine the toxicity effect of a mixture of ethanol extracts of ginger rhizomes, turmeric, lemongrass fronds and black seed seeds (JKSH) based on observing toxic symptoms, changes in the anatomy of mice (Mus musculus L.) and determining the level of toxicity through calculating the LD50. This research was experimental using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of a control, a mixture of ethanol extracts of ginger rhizomes, turmeric, lemongrass fronds and black seed seeds (JKSH) at doses of 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, 3000 mg/kgBB, 4000 mg/kgBB and 5000 mg/kgBB which were given intravenously. orally. Phytochemical test results show that the contents of the JKSH ethanol extract mixture are alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics and tannins. Based on the administration of the JKSH extract mixture, it causes behavioral changes in mice, such as motor activity (dose 1000 mg/kgBW to 5000 mg/kgBW), seizures (dose 3000 mg/kgBW to 5000 mg/kgBW), unclear and aggressive reactions (dose 4000 mg/kgBW and 5000 mg/kgBW). Giving a mixture of JKSH ethanol extract affected the body weight of test animals after 14 days of observation. Giving a dose of 1000 mg/kgBB to 5000 mg/kgBB resulted in weight gain. Administration of a mixture of JKSH ethanol extract at a dose of 5000 mg/kgBW increased the relative weight of the liver and spleen and decreased the relative weight of the kidney and heart. The color of all types of organs after treatment was significantly different compared to the control. Giving the JKSH ethanol extract mixture did not cause death in the test animals so it was declared with a pseudo LD50 and was included in the non-toxic category so the JKSH extract mixture was safe to use.