Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Klebsiella pneumoniae adalah salah satu spesies dari bakteri Gram-negatif famili Enterobacteriaceae yang menyebabkan banyaknya terjadi infeksi pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan distribusi frekuensi serta perbandingan pola kepekaan antibiotik Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL dan non-ESBL pada spesimen sputum berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan ruang rawat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi laboratorium dengan mengumpulkan data hasil kultur Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL dan non-ESBL pada spesimen sputum periode januari 2021-Januari 2024. Sampel sputum diambil dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin dengan melakukan isolasi, identifikasi dan uji kepekaan antibiotik terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi infeksi oleh Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL dari spesimen sputum sebanyak 103 isolat (79,84%). Distribusi frekuensi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin paling banyak ditemukan pada pasien usia >55 tahun sebesar 51 isolat (49,51%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 70 isolat (67,96%). Prevalensi Klebsiella pneumoniae non-ESBL dari spesimen sputum diperoleh sebanyak 26 isolat (20,16%). Distribusi frekuensi Klebsiella pneumoniae non-ESBL berdasarkan usia paling banyak ditemukan pada pasien usia >55 tahun sebesar 15 isolat (57,69%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 18 isolat (62,23%). Distribusi Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL yang paling tinggi yaitu di ruang bedah serta ruang jantung dan paru dengan masing-masing sebesar 15 isolat (14,56%), sedangkan Klebsiella pneumoniae non-ESBL tertinggi terdapat pada ruang jantung dan paru sebesar 10 isolat (38,47%). Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil ESBL memiliki sensitivitas paling tinggi terhadap antibiotik amikacin sebesar 92,23%, sedangkan Klebsiella pneumoniae non-ESBL memiliki sensitivitas paling tinggi terhadap antibiotik cefotaxim (100%), amikacin (100%), dan tobramycin (100%).

Kata Kunci : Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL, antibiotik, sputum

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a species of Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae that causes many human infections. This study aims to determine the prevalence and frequency distribution as well as the comparison of sensitivity patterns of ESBL and non-ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotics in sputum specimens based on age, sex, and treatment rooms. This study used laboratory observation methods by collecting data on ESBL and non-ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae cultures on sputum specimens for the period January 2021-January 2024. Sputum samples were taken from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin by isolating, identifying and testing antibiotic sensitivity to Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results of this study showed the prevalence of infection by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from sputum specimens as many as 103 isolates (79.84%). The frequency distribution of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae by age and sex was most commonly found in patients aged >55 years by 51 isolates (49,51%) and male sex by 70 isolates (67.96%). The prevalence of non-ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae from sputum specimens was obtained as many as 26 isolates (20.16%). The frequency distribution of non-ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae by age was most prevalent in patients aged >55 years by 15 isolates (57,69%) and male sex by 18 isolates (62.23%). The highest distribution of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was in the surgical room and heart and lung chambers with 15 isolates each (14.56%), while the highest non-ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in the heart and lung chambers by 10 isolates (38.47%). ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae has the highest sensitivity to amikacin antibiotics at 92.23%, while non-ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae has the highest sensitivity to cefotaxime antibiotics (100%), amikacin (100%), and tobramycin (100%). Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL, antibiotics, sputum