Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Wabah penyakit seringkali jadi ancaman nyata bagi subsektor peternakan unggas di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Wabah penyakit dapat menyebabkan mortalitas maupun morbiditas pada unggas yang berdampak pada kerugian ekonomi akibat penyakit itu sendiri maupun tindakan penanggulangannya. Penyakit unggas yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi tinggi adalah Newcastle Disease (ND) karena penyebarannya sangat cepat, tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitasnya mencapai 100%. Menurut catatan protokol nekropsi di laboratorium Patologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala, setiap bulannya ada unggas yang mati suspect ND. Data suspect ND tersebut belum dilaporkan secara ilmiah dan dikonfirmasi lanjut untuk peneguhan diagnosis kematian unggas akibat ND. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan data ilmiah tentang prevalensi dan meningkatkan kajian ilmiah tentang korelasi lesi patologi anatomi dengan ekspresi virus ND di organ menggunakan metode imunohistokimia dan analisa kerugian ekonomi akibat kematian unggas disebabkan oleh penyakit ND.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional study dengan purposive sampling yaitu dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan sampel berupa kadaver ayam broiler, layer dan buras yang masuk ke laboratorium Patologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Unsyiah dan berasal dari empat pasar tradisional Aceh Besar dan Kota Banda Aceh yaitu Lambaro, Almahira, Setui dan Ulee Kareng. Sampel kadaver yang di pilih adalah sampel yang di amati secara patologi anatomi suspek ND pada tiga organ (otak, paru dan proventikulus) seperti hemoragi pada proventikulus, pneumonia pada paru dan hemoragi pada otak dan dikoleksi ke tiga organ tersebut. Perkiraan kerugian ekonomi akibat penyakit ND kasus lapang dapat dilakukan dengan menjumlahkan kerugian langsung dan tidak langsung ditambah dengan biaya pengendalian .
Hasil pemeriksaan imunohistokimia menunjukkan virus ND terekspresi positif sebanyak 120 ekor dari total 326 ekor kadaver yang masuk ke laboratorium Patologi. Hasil perhitungan prevalensi ND sebesar 36,80% signifikan dibandingkan hipotesa sebesar 15%. Korelasi lesi patologi anatomi dengan ekspresi virus pada ketiga organ berdasarkan uji regresi logistik menunjukkan paru tidak memiliki hubungan dengan angka kejadian ND secara signifikan, sedangkan pada otak dan proventikulus memiliki hubungan antara lesi organ dengan ekspresi IHK secara signifikan, yaitu 85% pada otak dan 82% pada proventrikulus melalui uji konfirmasi positif IHK.
Lesi patologi anatomi dan ekspresi virus ND dominan pada proventikulus dan otak menunjukkan tingkat keganasan ND berupa velogenik viserotropik dan velogenik neurotropik. Hasil analisa kerugian ekonomi kejadian positif ND didapatkan 9.600.000 ribu rupiah periode Juli 2022 sampai dengan Desember 2022. Hasil analisa kerugian ekonomi kejadian positif ND di pasar didapatkan Rp. 9.600.000.,00 dan 1.131 Milyar rupiah dalam suatu farm periode Juli 2022 sampai dengan Desember 2022
Kata Kunci : Imunohistokimia, kasus lapang, lesi dan ekspresi Newcastle disease, Prevalensi.

SUMMARY Disease outbreaks are become a real threat to the poultry farming sub-sector around the world, including in Indonesia. Disease outbreaks can cause mortality and morbidity in poultry which has an impact on economic losses due to the disease itself and its countermeasures. Diseases of poultry that can cause high economic losses are Newcastle Disease (ND) because it spreads very quickly, the morbidity and mortality rate almost 100%. According to the necropsy protocol records at the Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, every month a bird dies suspected ND. Data suspected by ND has not been scientifically reported and further confirmed to confirm the diagnosis of poultry death due to ND. Therefore, the aim of this research is obtain scientific data on the prevalence, increasing scientific studies on correlation of anatomical pathology lesions with ND virus expression in organs using the immunohistochemical method and analysis of economic losses due to poultry mortality caused by ND disease This study used a cross-sectional study method with purposive sampling, which was carried out by collecting samples in the form of cadaveric broiler chickens, layers and free-range chickens that entered the Pathology Laboratory of the Unsyiah Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and came from traditional markets in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh City, namely Lambaro, Almahira, Setui and Ulee Kareng. The cadaveric samples selected were samples that were observed in pathological anatomy with suspected ND in three organs (brain, lung and proventriculus) such as hemorrhage in the proventriculus, pneumonia in the lungs and hemorrhage in the brain and were collected from these three organs. The results of immunohistochemical examination showed positive expression of the ND virus in 120 out of a total of 326 cadaver arrived in the Pathology laboratory and 137 were suspected by ND. The result of the prevalence of ND is 36.80%, which is significant compared to the hypothesis of 15%. Correlation of anatomical pathology lesions with virus expression in the three organs based on logistic regression test showed the lung there was no significant association with the incidence of ND, while the brain and proventriculus had a significant association between organ lesions and IHC expression, namely 85% in the brain and 82% in the proventriculus through a positive IHC confirmation test. Anatomi pathological lesions and predominant ND expression in the proventriculus and brain indicate the level of malignancy of ND in the form of viscerotropic velogenic and neurotropic velogenic. The results of the analysis of economic losses for positive ND events in the market were Rp. 9,600,000.00 and 1,131 billion rupiah in a farm for the period July 2022 to December 2022. Keywords : Immunohistochemistry, field cases, lesions and expression Newcastle disease, prevalence.