Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tumbuhan mimba dan gandarusa telah dimanfaatkan secara tradisional sebagai obat herbal, termasuk sebagai antifertilitas. Oleh karena itu, karakterisasi senyawa aktif antifertilitas pada kedua tumbuhan penting dilakukan. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan evaluasi efek kedua tumbuhan tersebut terhadap konsentrasi follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), jumlah sel Sertoli dan konsentrasi inhibin-B, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pengembangan kontrasepsi pria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif antifertilitas pada ekstrak etanol 70% daun mimba dan gandarusa; (2) menguji efek ekstrak etanol 70% daun mimba, gandarusa dan kombinasinya terhadap FSH, sel Sertoli, dan inhibin-B.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 7 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan (total 28 kelinci jantan). Perlakuan yaitu P0 sebagai kontrol (0 mg/kg BB ekstrak); P1 dan P2 masing-masing diberikan ekstrak etanol 70% daun mimba 200 dan 300 mg/kg BB; P3 dan P4 masing-masing diberikan ekstrak etanol 70% daun gandarusa 200 dan 300 mg/kg BB; dan P5 dan P6 masing-masing diberikan kombinasi ekstrak etanol 70% daun mimba dan gandarusa sebanyak 200 dan 300 mg/kg BB (1:1). Perlakuan diberikan selama 52 hari. Karakterisasi senyawa aktif ekstrak daun mimba dan gandarusa menggunakan metode GC-MS, konsentrasi FSH dan inhibin-B menggunakan metode ELISA, dan jumlah sel Sertoli menggunakan pewarnaan HE. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam, dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan.
Hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun mimba mengandung tiga senyawa yang diduga bersifat antifertilitas, yaitu hexadecanoic acid (C16H32O2), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2), dan γ-sitosterol (C29H52O2); sedangkan pada gandarusa terdapat 10 senyawa yang diperkirakan bersifat antifertilitas, yaitu 1-methoxy-2,4-dimethylbenzene (C9H12O), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (C18H36O2), androstan-6-one (5α) (C19H30O), octadecanoid acid ethyl ester (C20H40O2), campesterol (C28H48O), stigmasterol (C29H48O), γ-sitosterol atau clionasterol (C29H52O2), α dan β-amyrin (C30H50O).
Ekstrak etanol 70% daun mimba, gandarusa, dan kombinasinya berpengaruh terhadap penurunan konsentrasi FSH dan jumlah sel Sertoli, serta meningkatkan konsentrasi inhibin-B secara signifikan (P

Neem and gandarusa plants have been traditionally used as herbal medicines, including as antifertility. Therefore, characterization of antifertility compounds in both plants is important. In addition, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of the two plants on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration, Sertoli cell number and inhibin-B concentration, so that it can be used as a basis for the development of male contraception. The aims of this study were (1) to identify antifertility compounds in 70% ethanol extract of neem and gandarusa leaves; and (2) to test the effect of 70% ethanol extract of neem, gandarusa and their combination on FSH, Sertoli cells, and inhibin-B. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 7 treatments with 4 replications (total of 28 male rabbits). The treatment was P0 as a control (0 mg/kg BW extract); P1 and P2 were respectively given 70% ethanol extract of neem leaves 200 and 300 mg/kg BW; P3 and P4 were respectively given 70% ethanol extract of gandarusa leaves 200 and 300 mg/kg BW; and P5 and P6 respectively were given a combination of 70% ethanol extract of neem and gandarusa leaves in the amount of 200 and 300 mg/kg BW (1:1). The treatment was given for 52 days. The characterization of the active compounds of neem and gandarusa leaf extracts used the GC-MS method, the concentration of FSH and inhibin-B used the ELISA method, and the number of Sertoli cells used HE staining. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan's test. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that neem leaves extract contains three compounds that are predicted to be antifertile: hexadecanoic acid (C16H32O2), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2), and γ-sitosterol (C29H52O2). Gandarusa leaves contain 10 compounds that are predicted to be antifertility: 1-methoxy-2,4-dimethylbenzene (C9H12O), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (C18H36O2), androstan-6-one (5α) (C19H30O), octadecanoid acid ethyl ester (C20H40O2), campesterol (C28H48O), stigmasterol (C29H48O), γ-sitosterol (C29H52O2), α and β-amyrin (C30H50O). The 70% ethanol extract of neem leaves, gandarusa, and their combination had an effect on decreasing the concentration of FSH and the number of Sertoli cells, as well as increasing the concentration of inhibin-B significantly (P