Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Peningkatan resistensi bakteri terhadap berbagai jenis antibiotik akibat adanya pembentukan biofilm mendorong dilakukannya pencarian berbagai agen antibakteri alternatif dari berbagai sumber termasuk tumbuhan, seperti nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). Minyak nilam Aceh dikenal luas karena karakteristik fitokimianya yang unik dan memiliki berbagai komponen kimia aktif alami yang potensial sebagai anti mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibiofilm beberapa jenis minyak nilam, yaitu minyak nilam mentah (MNM), minyak nilam fraksi ringan (MNFR), dan minyak nilam fraksi berat (MNFB) hasil distilasi vakum terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Subjek penelitian dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok percobaan, yaitu dua kelompok kontrol (kontrol pertumbuhan dan kontrol negatif) dan tiga kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari beberapa konsentrasi minyak nilam Aceh (0,5%, 1%, 2%, dan 4%). Penentuan konsentrasi minyak nilam dilakukan berdasarkan kadar hambat minimum (KHM) untuk menemukan konsentrasi terendah dari masing-masing fraksi minyak nilam yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus. Analisis fitokimia minyak nilam dilakukan dengan analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan Confidence Interval (CI) 95% (α = 0,05), dan diikuti dengan uji lanjut Tukey. Hasil analisis fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa MNM mengandung senyawa terpen, seskuiterpen, dan asam lemak dengan senyawa dominan berupa patchouli alcohol, azulene, dan alfa-guaiene. Selanjutnya, MNFR mengandung senyawa seskuiterpen dengan senyawa dominan berupa guaiene, seychellene, dan patchouline. MNFB mengandung senyawa seskuiterpen dan terpen dengan senyawa dominan berupa pathchouli alcohol dan delta-guaiene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MNM, MNFR, dan MNFB dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm sekaligus mendegradasi biofilm bakteri S. aureus. Daya hambat optimum biofilm ditunjukkan oleh MNFB pada konsentrasi 0,5%, sedangkan daya degradasi optimum ditunjukkan oleh MNM pada konsentrasi 0,5%.

Kata kunci: antibiofilm, kadar hambat minimum, Staphylococcus aureus, minyak nilam

Increased bacterial resistance to various antibiotics due to the formation of biofilms has urged the search for alternative antibacterial agents from various sources, including plants such as patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). Aceh patchouli oil is widely known for its unique phytochemical characteristics and posesses various active phytochemical components potential for novel antimicrobial agents. This study aimed at evaluating antibiofilm activities of crude patchouli oil (MNM), light fraction patchouli oil (MNFR), as well as heavy fraction patchouli oil (MNFB) obtained from vacuum distillation against Staphylococcus aureus. A laboratory experimental study was carried out using a completely randomised design (CRD). The research subjects were divided into five experimental groups: two control groups (growth and negative control) and three treatment groups consisting of several concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) of Aceh patchouli oil. Patchouli oil concentrations was determined based on the minimum inhibitory consentration (MIC), the lowest concentration of patchouli oil capable of inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. Phytochemical analysis of patchouli oil was performed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis instrument. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Confidence Interval (CI) of 95% (α = 0.05) was used to analyse data, followed by posthoc Tukey test. The results of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids in MNM with patchouli alcohol, azulene, and alpha-guaiene as dominant compounds. Furthermore, MNFR contains sesquiterpene with guaiene, seychellene, and patchouline being the most abundant constituents. MNFB on the other hand contains monoterpene and terpene with major contents of pathchouli alcohol and delta-guaiene. The results indicated that MNM, MNFR, and MNFB were able to inhibit biofilm formation as well as eradicate formed biofilms of S. aureus. The optimum biofilm inhibition was shown by MNFB at the concentration of 0.5%, whereas the optimum degradation activity was shown by MNM at the concentration of 0.5%. Keywords: antibioflm, minimum inhibitory concentration, Staphylococcus aureus, patchouli oil