Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Minyak nilam diperoleh dengan destilasi uap atau hidrodistilasi dari daun kering Pogostemon cablin benth. Minyak ini memiliki bau yang unik yang sulit tergantikan oleh konstituen minyak wangi pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rendemen maksimal minyak nilam berbasis batch steam distillation dan untuk mendapatkan atau mengisolasi komponen-komponen penting yang ada dalam fraksi berat hasil distilasi serta aplikasi purifikasi pada minyak nilam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama penyimpanan selama 3 bulan menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi yaitu 2,7%. Iklim dan sifat fisika-kimia tanah lokasi pengambilan sampel, mempengaruhi rendemen dan kadar patchouli alcohol yang di dapat, rendemen tertinggi berasal dari daerah Aceh Tamiang yaitu 5,3% dan kadar PA tertinggi berasal dari daerah Gayo Lues yaitu 42,76% diikuti dengan sampel yang berasal dari Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Besar dan Aceh Jaya dengan kadar PA 39,29%; 37,25% dan 30,87%. Suhu proses rotary vakum evaporator mempengaruhi kadar PA pada fraksi berat hasil distilasi, kadar PA tertinggi yaitu pada suhu 70oC sebesar 15,76% (produk) dan 14,09% (sisa labu evaporasi). Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa banyak mengandung senyawa anti mikroba seperti (-)-Globulol, a-Guaiene dan δ-Guaiene. Analisis GC-MS juga menunjukkan bahwa proses purifikasi minyak nilam dari produk distilasi dengan adsorpsi mampu menaikkan kadar patchouli alcohol dari 31,55% menjadi 32,14%.
Kata kunci: Nilam, Distilasi, Fraksi berat produk distilasi, Purifikasi minyak nilam

Patchouli oil is obtained by steam distillation or hydrodistillation from the dried leaves of Pogostemon cablin benth. This oil has a unique smell that is difficult to replace by the constituents of common perfumes. This study aims to determine the maximum yield of patchouli oil based on batch steam distillation and to obtain or isolate important components present in the heavy fraction of the distillation results as well as purification applications for patchouli oil. The results showed that 3 months of storage resulted in a yield of 2.7%. The climate and physico-chemical properties of the soil at the sampling location affected the yield and content of patchouli alcohol obtained, the highest yield came from the Aceh Tamiang area, namely 5.3% and the highest PA content came from Gayo Lues of 42,76% followed by samples from Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Besar and Aceh Jaya district with a PA content of 39,29%; 37,27% and 30,87%. The temperature of the rotary vacuum evaporator process affects the PA content in the weight fraction of the distillation, the highest PA content is at a temperature of 70oC at 15.76% (product) and 14.09% (remaining evaporation flask). GC-MS analysis showed that it contains many antimicrobial compounds such as (-)-Globulol, a-Guaiene and -Guaiene. GC-MS analysis also showed that the purification process of patchouli oil from the distillation product by adsorption was able to increase the patchouli alcohol content from 31.55% to 32.14%. Keyword : Patchouli, Distillation, Weight fraction of distillation product, Patchouli oil purification