Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Hiperbilirubinemia merupakan fenomena yang sering terjadi pada bayi baru lahir dengan hasil laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan bilirubin serum total di dalam darah dengan nilai melebihi nilai normalnya. Ikterus dapat menimbulkan efek patologi yang berbeda-beda pada setiap bayi. Apabila nilai bilirubin serum total mencapai >10 mg/dL dengan minimal satu faktor risiko maka bayi membutuhkan tindakan phototherapy. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui determinan faktor risiko hiperbilirubinemia pada bayi yang membutuhkan phototherapy di RSIA Stella Maris Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional dan teknik total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober - November 2022. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah rekam medis. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 1436 dari 1456 bayi baru lahir (98,7%) mengalami hiperbilirubinemia dan 212 bayi (14,3%) membutuhkan tindakan phototherapy. Berdasarkan faktor risiko didapatkan 63 dari 212 bayi (29,7%) dengan usia ibu yang berisiko, 20 bayi (9,4%) prematur, 182 bayi (85,8%) bayi lahir secara SC, 7 bayi (3,3%) mengalami BBLR, 194 bayi (91,5%) tergolong non-ASI Eksklusif, dan 6 bayi (2,8%) mengalami asfikisia neonatorum. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan hubungan antara usia ibu (p = 0,013), usia gestasi (p = 0,003), jenis persalinan (p = 0,013) berat badan lahir (p = 0,019), pemberian ASI Eksklusif (p = 0,029), dan asfiksia (p = 0,053) dengan hiperbilirubinemia yang membutuhkan phototherapy di RSIA Stella Maris Medan. Hasil uji multivariat dengan regresi logistik menunjukkan usia gestasi (p = 0,003, r = 2,331) merupakan faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh dengan hiperbilirubinemia yang membutuhkan phototherapy.

Kata kunci: Determinan, Faktor Risiko, Hiperbilirubinemia, Bayi, Phototheraphy

Hyperbilirubinemia is a phenomenon that often occurs in newborns with laboratory results showing an increase in total serum bilirubin in the blood with a value that exceeds the normal value. Jaundice can cause different pathological effects in each baby. If the total serum bilirubin value reaches >10 mg/dL with at least one risk factor, the baby required phototherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy at RSIA Stella Maris Medan. The type of this research is observational analytic with cross-sectional research design and total sampling technique. The research was conducted in October – November 2022. The type of data used was medical records. The results showed that 1436 of 1456 newborns (98.7%) had hyperbilirubinemia and 212 of them (14.3%) needed phototherapy. Based on the risk factors, it was found that 63 out of 212 babies (29.7%) were born of at-risk maternal age, 20 babies (9.4%) premature, 182 babies (85.8 %) babies born via SC, 7 babies (3.3%) had LBW, 194 babies (91,5%) were not exclusively breastfed, and 6 babies (2.8%) had asphyxia neonatorum. Spearman correlation test results showed a relationship between maternal age (p = 0.013), gestational age (p = 0.003), type of delivery (p = 0.013) birth weight (p = 0.019), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.029), and asphyxia (p = 0.053) with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy at RSIA Stella Maris Medan. Multivariate test results with logistic regression showed that gestational age (p = 0.003, r = 2.331) was the most influential risk factor for hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Keywords: Determinants, Risk Factors, Hyperbilirubinemia, Baby, Phototherapy