Electronic Theses and Dissertation

RINGKASAN
Orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii) makan yaitu dari tumbuhan seperti pucuk daun yang muda, bunga, buah-buahan dan biji-bijian. Selain itu, mereka juga suka memakan jenis serangga kecil yang terdapat di pepohonan. Orangutan memulai mencari makan yaitu dengan pertama melihat makanan, memilih, mengambil, dan memasukkan makanan ke dalam mulut dan menggigit, kemudian mengunyah setelah itu menelan makanan sampai orangutan berhenti untuk makan ataupun minum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku makan dan preferensi pohon buah yang menjadi pakan orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii) di sekitar Stasiun Penelitian Ketambe. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode focal animal sampling, yaitu mengamati dan mencatat perilaku satu individu selama periode waktu tertentu, mulai dengan mencatat setiap pola makan individu target orangutan per dua menit, pengamatan orangutan sumatera dilakukan dari pukul 05.30 WIB-18.30 atau bisa bertambah selama orangutan belum selesai makan, kemudian data dicatat pada tabulasi data.
Orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii), yang diamati ada dua, yaitu betina dewasa sedang hamil Kelly dan orangutan betina dewasa tidak hamil Chris. Dari perilaku makan orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii) maka didapatkan, aktivitas mencari makan Kelly 27,29% dan aktivitas mencari makan Chris 17,41%. Rerata yang didapatkan dari lama waktu makan dari pola perilaku makan tertentu per keseluruhan jenis kategori pakan Kelly maka didapatkan pola memilih 4,86%, memegang 13,93%, mengambil 27,38% dan memakan 53,81%. Sedangkan rerata yang didapatkan dari lama waktu makan dari pola perilaku makan tertentu per keseluruhan jenis kategori pakan Chris maka didapatkan pola memilih 0,93%, memegang 17,18%, mengambil 28,70% dan memakan 53,18%. Kelly menghabiskan waktu untuk aktivitas makan sebanyak 45% per hari dan untuk aktivitas makan Chris yaitu 58% per hari. Jenis dan kategori pakan yang dimakan oleh betina dewasa Kelly adalah bunga 28,43%, buah 26,52%, kulit 7,25%, serangga 3,62%, sedangkan jenis pakan Chris untuk jenis pakan buah 50,07%, daun 44,32%, kulit 1,55% bunga 0,31% dan serangga 3,73%. Preferensi pohon buah sebagai pakan orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii) yaitu jenis pakan buah yang paling banyak dikonsumsi betina dewasa Kelly adalah Ficus racemosa dari famili Moraceae 30,93%, Ficus obscura, famili Moraceae 20,14%, Ficus sp., famili Moraceae 17,26%. Jenis pakan buah yang paling banyak dikonsumsi betina dewasa Chris adalah Ficus racemosa, dari famili Moraceae 36,95%, Ficus obscura, famili Moraceae 31,37%, Pandanus sp., dari famili Pandanaceae 13.66%.

The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) feeds on plants such as young leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. In addition, they also like to eat the types of small insects found in the trees. Orangutans start looking for food by first looking at food, choosing, taking, and putting food into their mouths and biting, then chewing and then swallowing food until the orangutans stop to eat or drink. This study aims to determine the eating behavior and preferences of fruit trees that feed the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) around the Ketambe Research Station. The method used in this study is the focal animal sampling method, which is observing and recording the behavior of one individual over a certain period of time, starting by recording the diet of each individual target orangutan every two minutes, observing Sumatran orangutans from 05.30 WIB to 18.30 or more. as long as the orangutan has not finished eating, then the data is recorded in the data tabulation. There were two Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) observed, namely an adult female who was pregnant with Kelly and an adult female orangutan who was not pregnant with Chris. From the eating behavior of the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii), it was found that Kelly's foraging activity was 27.29% and Chris's foraging activity was 17.41%. The average obtained from the length of time eating from certain eating behavior patterns per all types of Kelly's feed categories obtained a pattern of choosing 4.86%, holding 13.93%, taking 27.38% and eating 53.81%. While the average obtained from the length of time to eat from certain eating behavior patterns per overall type of Chris' feed category, the pattern of choosing is 0.93%, holding 17.18%, taking 28.70% and eating 53.18%. Kelly spends time on eating activities as much as 45% per day and for Chris's eating activities that is 58% per day. Types and categories of feed eaten by Kelly adult females were flowers 28.43%, fruit 26.52%, skin 7.25%, insects 3.62%, while Chris's type of feed for fruit was 50.07%, leaves 44 .32%, skin 1.55%, flowers 0.31% and insects 3.73%. The preference of fruit trees as food for Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii), which is the type of fruit food consumed by adult female Kelly, is Ficus racemosa from family Moraceae 30.93%, Ficus obscura, family Moraceae 20.14%, Ficus sp., family Moraceae 17 ,26%. The types of fruit feed consumed by Chris' adult females were Ficus racemosa, from the Moraceae family 36.95%, Ficus obscura, Moraceae family 31.37%, Pandanus sp., from the Pandanaceae family 13.66%.