Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Orangutan ialah salah satu satwa liar yang statusnya terancam punah. Salah satu penyebab terancam punahnya orangutan yaitu infeksi akibat bakteri. Penggunaan antibiotik pada infeksi bakteri paling sering dilakukan sehingga meningkatkan terjadinya resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri Salmonella dan Shigella dari feses orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii) dan orangutan kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus) di Kebun Binatang Sumatera Utara dan menguji sensitivitas antibotik terhadap bakteri tersebut. Sampel yang diambil dan diperiksa adalah feses dari 2 ekor orangutan kalimantan di Taman Margasatwa Medan dan 1 ekor orangutan sumatera di Taman Hewan Pematang Siantar. Identifikasi sampel dilakukan dengan metode Carter. Media selektif yang digunakan yakni Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA). Koloni terpisah yang tumbuh pada media SSA diamati morfologinya dan dilakukan pewarnaan Gram serta dilanjutkan dengan uji biokimia yaitu Indol, Methyl Red (MR), Voges Proskauer (VP), Sulfide Indol Motility (SIM), Simmons Citrate (SC), Triple Iron Sugar Agar (TSIA) dan uji gula-gula yaitu glukosa, sukrosa, laktosa, manitol dan maltosa. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar Kirby-Bauer dengan menggunakan disk antibiotik klindamisin, gentamisin dan kloramfenikol. Hasil identifikasi terhadap tiga sampel feses orangutan sumatera dan kalimantan ditemukan bakteri Salmonella dan Shigella dari ketiga orangutan. Hasil uji sensitivitas yaitu antibiotik gentamisin dan kloramfenikol sensitif terhadap Salmonella dan Shigella dan antibiotik klindamisin resisten terhadap Salmonella dan Shigella. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ketiga feses orangutan yang diisolasi teridentifikasi bakteri Salmonella dan Shigella. Aktifitas antibiotik terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut menunjukkan kloramfenikol dan gentamisin sensitif terhadap bakteri Salmonella dan Shigella, serta klindamisin menunjukkan resisten terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Isolasi, Salmonella, Shigella, orangutan sumatera, orangutan kalimantan

Orangutans are one of the wild animals whose status is critically endangared .One of the causes of endangered orangutan is infection caused by bacteria. The use antibiotic in bacterial infection is most often done so that it increases the occurrence of resistance. This study aimed to isolate Salmonella and Shigella from the feces of the sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) and the bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) at the North Sumatra Zoo and test the sensitivity of antibiotics to these bacteria. The samples which taken and examined were feces of 2 bornean orangutans in Medan Wildlife Park and 1 sumatran orangutan in the Pematang Siantar Animal Park. Identification of the samples is the Carter method. The selective medium used was Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA). Separate colonies growing on SSA media were observed for morphology and Gram staining and followed by biochemical tests, namely Indole, Methyl Red (MR), Voges Proskauer (VP), Sulfide Indol Motility (SIM), Simmons Citrate (SC), Triple Iron Sugar Agar. (TSIA) and test for sugars, namely glucose, sucrose, lactose, mannitol and maltose. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method using clindamycin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol antibiotic disks. The results of the identification of three samples of feces from sumatran and bornean orangutans found Salmonella and Shigella bacteria from the three orangutans. The results of the sensitivity test against were gentamycin and chloramphenicol antibiotics were sensitive to Salmonella and Shigella and clindamycin antibiotic was resistant to Salmonella and Shigella. The conclusion of this study is that three isolated orangutan feces were identified as Salmonella and Shigella bacteria. Antibiotic activity against these two bacteria showed that chloramphenicol and gentamycin were sensitive to Salmonella and Shigella bacteria, and clindamycin showed resistance to both bacteria. Keywords:Isolation, Salmonella, Shigella, sumatran orangutan, bornean orangutan