Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Aktivitas memindahkan tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit di pabrik masih banyak menggunakan alat manual berupa tojok. Penggunaan alat yang belum memperhatikan aspek ergonomi dapat menimbulkan kelelahan kerja dan meningkatkan risiko gangguan musculoskeletal pada pekerja. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan rancangan tojok yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dan ukuran tubuh pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang tojok kelapa sawit yang ergonomis dengan menggunakan pendekatan antropometri dan metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Penelitian dilakukan pada pekerja bagian sortasi di PT Blang Ketumba, Bireuen dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 15 orang yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data kebutuhan konsumen dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner, sedangkan data antropometri diperoleh melalui pengukuran langsung terhadap responden. Metode QFD digunakan untuk menerjemahkan kebutuhan konsumen ke dalam karakteristik teknis produk melalui penyusunan House of Quality (HOQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rancangan dimensi tojok yang diusulkan meliputi panjang keseluruhan tojok sebesar 116 cm, panjang batang tojok sebesar 90 cm, panjang area pegangan 19 cm, lebar pegangan 16 cm, serta diameter pegangan dan diameter batang tojok masing-masing 3 cm. Berdasarkan analisis HOQ, karakteristik teknis dengan prioritas tertinggi adalah panjang tojok dengan nilai normalized contribution 0,169, diikuti bentuk pegangan sebesar 0,137, dan kesesuaian antropometri pengguna sebesar 0,107. Rancangan alat ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas jangkauan kerja, kestabilan genggaman, serta kenyamanan dan keamanan penggunaan alat bagi pekerja.


Kata Kunci: tojok kelapa sawit, ergonomi, antropometri, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), House of Quality (HOQ)

The activity of moving fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm in factories is still commonly performed using manual tools known as tojok. The use of tools that do not consider ergonomic aspects can cause work fatigue and increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among workers. Therefore, a tojok design that accommodates user needs and workers’ body dimensions is required. This study aimed to design an ergonomic oil palm tojok using an anthropometric approach and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. The study was conducted on sorting workers at PT Blang Ketumba, Bireuen, involving 15 respondents selected using the total sampling technique. Data on customer needs were collected through questionnaires, while anthropometric data were obtained through direct measurements of the respondents. The QFD method was applied to translate customer needs into technical product characteristics through the development of the House of Quality (HOQ). The results indicate that the proposed tojok design dimensions include an overall length of 116 cm, a shaft length of 90 cm, handle length of 19 cm, handle width of 16 cm, and handle diameter and shaft diameter of 3 cm each. Based on the HOQ analysis, the technical characteristic with the highest priority is tojok length with a normalized contribution value of 0.169, followed by handle shape with a value of 0.137, and user anthropometric suitability with a value of 0.107. This design is expected to improve working reach effectiveness, grip stability, and the comfort and safety of the tool during use by workers. Keywords: tojok, ergonomics, anthropometry, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), House of Quality (HOQ)