Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penggunaan fungisida sintetis dalam pengendalian penyakit tanaman dapat
menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan memicu resistensi patogen.
Oleh karena itu, biofungisida berbasis Trichoderma harzianum menjadi alternatif yang
lebih ramah lingkungan. Namun, pemanfaatannya masih terkendala oleh rendahnya
daya simpan akibat penurunan viabilitas konidia selama penyimpanan. Formulasi padat
dengan bahan pembawa tepung jagung dan talek memerlukan bahan tambahan seperti
gliserol 9% dan kitin 2% untuk memperpanjang masa simpan biofungisida, sehingga
penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan gliserol dan kitin dalam
mempertahankan daya simpan biofungisida Trichoderma harzianum.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan,
Laboratorium Dasar Perlindungan Tanaman, dan di Laboratorium Ilmu Hama
Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, pada bulan
Oktober 2024 hingga Juni 2025. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap
(RAL) non-faktorial dengan delapan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji
meliputi: P0 = tepung jagung tanpa gliserol dan kitin; P1 = tepung jagung + gliserol
9%; P2 = tepung jagung + kitin 2%; P3 = tepung jagung + kombinasi gliserol dan kitin;
P4 = talek tanpa gliserol dan kitin; P5 = talek + gliserol 9%; P6 = talek + kitin 2%; dan
P7 = talek + kombinasi gliserol dan kitin. Formulasi biofungisida disimpan pada suhu
ruang dalam plastik ziplock selama dua bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah
konidia T. harzianum, jumlah koloni (CFU), dan kadar air biofungisida. Data yang
diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA), dan parameter yang
terdapat pengaruh perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan uji duncan multiple range test
(DMRT) pada taraf 5%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah konidia Trichoderma harzianum
mengalami penurunan selama 2 bulan penyimpanan pada seluruh perlakuan. Pada
parameter jumlah konidia, perlakuan terbaik ada pada P0= tepung jagung tanpa gliserol
dan kitin dengan rata-rata jumlah konidia 7,4 pada pengamatan 0 bulan. Pada
parameter jumlah koloni, perlakuan P0, P2, P4, P5, dan P7 menunjukkan pola fluktuasi
dan perlakuan P1, P3, P6 mengalami penurunan dengan hasil uji statistik yang tidak
berpengaruh nyata. Pada parameter kadar air biofungisida, sebagian besar perlakuan
menunjukkan kestabilan kadar air yaitu sebanyak 0,4% selama penyimpanan 2 bulan.
Namun pada bulan pertama penyimpanan, tepatnya pada perlakuan P4 dan P7 terjadi
kenaikan kadar air yaitu sebanyak 0,6%. Hal serupa juga terjadi pada bulan kedua
penyimpanan, pada perlakuan P3. Kenaikan kadar air ini diduga disebabkan oleh sifat
dasar tepung jagung dan talek itu sendiri serta reaksi dari penambahan dua bahan aditif
(gliserol 9% dan kitin 2%) sekaligus.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan gliserol dan
kitin, baik secara tunggal maupun kombinasi, belum mampu memperpanjang daya
simpan biofungisida Trichoderma harzianum hingga dua bulan penyimpanan. Namun,
gliserol menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam menjaga sel dari kerusakan akibat
penyimpanan dibandingkan kitin, sementara talek lebih stabil sebagai bahan pembawa
selama penyimpanan.

The use of synthetic fungicides to control plant diseases can negatively impact the environment and trigger pathogen resistance. Therefore, Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicides are a more environmentally friendly alternative. However, their use is still hampered by low shelf life due to decreased conidial viability during storage. Solid formulations using cornstarch and talc as carriers require additives such as 9% glycerol and 2% chitin to extend the shelf life of the biofungicide. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the ability of glycerol and chitin to maintain the shelf life of Trichoderma harzianum biofungicides. This research was conducted in the Plant Pathology Laboratory, the Basic Plant Protection Laboratory, and the Plant Pest Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from October 2024 to June 2025. The study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments tested included: P0 = corn flour without glycerol and chitin; P1 = corn flour + 9% glycerol; P2 = corn flour + 2% chitin; P3 = corn flour + a combination of glycerol and chitin; P4 = talc without glycerol and chitin; P5 = talc + 9% glycerol; P6 = talc + 2% chitin; and P7 = talc + a combination of glycerol and chitin. The biofungicide formulation was stored at room temperature in ziplock bags for two months. The parameters observed included the number of T. harzianum conidia, the number of colonies (CFU), and the water content of the biofungicide. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and parameters that showed treatment effects were further analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the number of Trichoderma harzianum conidia decreased over the two months of storage across all treatments. For the conidia number parameter, the best treatment was P0 = corn flour without glycerol and chitin, with an average conidia count of 7.4 at the 0-month observation. For the colony number parameter, treatments P0, P2, P4, P5, and P7 showed a fluctuating pattern, while treatments P1, P3, and P6 experienced a decrease, with statistically insignificant results. For the biofungicide water content parameter, most treatments showed a stable water content of 0.4% over the two months of storage. However, in the first month of storage, specifically in treatments P4 and P7, there was an increase in water content of 0.6%. A similar trend occurred in the second month of storage, in treatment P3. This increase in water content is thought to be due to the basic properties of cornstarch and talc, as well as the reaction resulting from the simultaneous addition of two additives (9% glycerol and 2% chitin). The research concluded that the addition of glycerol and chitin, either singly or in combination, was unable to extend the shelf life of the Trichoderma harzianum biofungicide beyond two months of storage. However, glycerol performed better than chitin in protecting cells from storage damage, while talc was more stable as a carrier during storage.