Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Mixed Matrix Membrane Adsorbers (MMMAs) berbasis selulosa asetat yang dimodifikasi dengan nanopartikel besi oksida (MMMAs SA-NPs Fe₂O₃) telah disintesis dan diaplikasikan untuk penghilangan urea dalam air limbah dialisat simulasi. NPs Fe₂O disintesis dari pasir besi dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan asam klorida dan presipitasi menggunakan ammonium hidroksida. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan NPs Fe₂O3 yang diperoleh memiliki ukuran kristal rata-rata 26,72 nm , ukuran partikel pada rentang 30,82–62,93 nm, luas permukaan spesifik 4,838 m²/g, volume pori 0,047 cc/g, dan radius pori rata-rata 26,538 Å dengan struktur mesopori. MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ disintesis menggunakan metode non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) dengan variasi loading NPs Fe2O3 sebesar 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40%. Hasil pengujian kinerja membran menunjukkan bahwa fluks air pada MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40% lebih tinggi (507,61 L/m² jam) dibandingkan membran SA0 (420,38 L/m²jam). Namun kuat tarik membran menurun dari 2,67 Kgf/mm² menjadi 1,18 Kgf/mm². Derajat pengembangan membran meningkat dari 38,99% pada membran SA0 menjadi 59,78% pada MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40%. Kapasitas adsorpsi urea MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40% sebesar 8,25 mg/g. Uji transpor urea menunjukkan total removal meningkat seiring waktu, setelah 6 jam pengujian, MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40% mampu menghilangkan 132,88 mg/g (41,59%), sedangkan membran SA0 hanya 87,13 mg/g (27,27%). Hasil uji klirens urea menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja pemisahan, dengan nilai klirens setelah 1 jam dan 6 jam sebesar 10,30 dan 13,72 mL/menit untuk MMMAs SA- NPs Fe₂O, sedangkan membran SA0 sebesar 6,43 dan 9,00 mL/menit. Uji regenerasi menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penghilangan urea menurun seiring bertambahnya siklus penggunaan dari 43,40% pada regenerasi pertama menjadi 11,13% pada regenerasi ketiga. MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ menunjukkan potensi sebagai MMMAs untuk aplikasi penghilangan urea, meskipun diperlukan optimasi lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan stabilitas mekanik dan kemampuan regenerasi.
Kata Kunci : Mixed Matrix Membrane Adsorbers, adsorpsi, nanopartikel, besi oksida, urea

Mixed Matrix Membrane Adsorbers (MMMAs) based on cellulose acetate modified with iron oxide nanoparticles (MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃) were successfully synthesized and applied for urea removal from simulated dialysate waste. Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized from iron sand via hydrochloric acid extraction followed by ammonium hydroxide precipitation. Characterization results indicated that the obtained Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibited an average crystallite size of 26.72 nm and particle sizes ranging from 30.82 to 62.93 nm. BET–BJH analysis revealed a specific surface area of 4.838 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.047 cc/g, and an average pore radius of 26.538 Å, confirming a mesoporous structure. MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ were fabricated using the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method with Fe₂O₃ loadings of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Membrane performance tests showed that the water flux of MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40% (507.61 L/m²·h) was higher than that of the pristine cellulose acetate membrane (420.38 L/m²·h). However, the tensile strength decreased from 2.67 to 1.18 Kgf/mm². The swelling degree increased from 38.99% for the pristine membrane to 59.78% for MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40%. The urea adsorption capacity of MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40% reached 8.25 mg/g. Urea transport experiments demonstrated that total urea removal increased with time; after 6 h, MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ 40% removed 132.88 mg/g (41.59%), whereas the pristine membrane removed only 87.13 mg/g (27.27%). Urea clearance tests further confirmed enhanced separation performance, with clearance values after 1 and 6 h of 10.30 and 13.72 mL/min for MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃, compared to 6.43 and 9.00 mL/min for the pristine membrane. Regeneration tests indicated a gradual decline in urea removal efficiency with increasing reuse cycles, decreasing from 43.40% in the first regeneration to 11.13% in the third regeneration. Overall, MMMAs SA–NPs Fe₂O₃ demonstrate promising potential for urea removal applications, although further optimization is required to improve mechanical stability and regeneration performance. Keywords: Mixed Matrix Membrane Adsorbers, adsorption, nanoparticles, iron oxide, urea