Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Biji pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) merupakan salah satu tanaman khas Aceh yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami karena mengandung senyawa fenolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi proses ekstraksi senyawa fenolik dari biji pala menggunakan metode sokletasi dengan pendekatan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) melalui Box-Behnken Design (BBD), serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak dengan metode DPPH. Optimasi dilakukan terhadap tiga variabel meliputi konsentrasi etanol (70, 80, dan 90%), waktu ekstraksi (60, 120, dan 180 menit), dan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut (1:5, 1:10, dan 1:15). Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji pala mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil analisis BBD menunjukkan bahwa model kuadratik yang diperoleh bersifat signifikan (p < 0,05) dengan lack of fit yang memenuhi persyaratan, yaitu tidak signifikan (p > 0,05), sehingga model yang diperoleh dianggap mampu menginterpretasikan hubungan antarvariabel dengan respon secara baik. Nilai rendemen tertinggi dalam analisis BBD diperoleh pada konsentrasi etanol 90%, waktu ekstraksi 120 menit, dan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut 1:15 dengan nilai randemen 24,5%. Sementara itu, kondisi optimum senyawa fenolik diperoleh pada konsentrasi etanol sekitar 80%, waktu ekstraksi 120 menit, dan rasio bahan dengan pelarut 1:10 dengan kadar total fenolik 43,238 gGAE/100g.

Kata kunci: biji pala; sokletasi; Response Surface Methodology; Box-Behnken Design; kadar total fenolik; aktivitas antioksidan; DPPH.

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is one of the typical Aceh plants that has the potential as a source of natural antioxidants because it contains phenolic compounds. This study aims to optimize the extraction process of phenolic compounds from nutmeg seeds using the soxhletation method with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach through the Box-Behnken Design (BBD), and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract using the DPPH method. Optimization was carried out on three variables including ethanol concentration (70, 80, and 90%), extraction time (60, 120, and 180 minutes), and the ratio of material to solvent (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15). Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of nutmeg seeds contains alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The results of the BBD analysis showed that the quadratic model obtained was significant (p < 0.05) with a lack of fit that met the requirements, namely insignificant (p > 0.05), so that the model obtained was considered capable of interpreting the relationship between variables with the response well. The highest yield value in the BBD analysis was obtained at an ethanol concentration of 90%, an extraction time of 120 minutes, and a material to solvent ratio of 1:15 with a yield value of 24.5%. Meanwhile, the optimum condition for phenolic compounds was obtained at an ethanol concentration of around 80%, an extraction time of 120 minutes, and a material to solvent ratio of 1:10 with a total phenolic content of 43.238 gGAE/100g. Keywords: nutmeg; soxhletation; Response Surface Methodology; Box-Behnken Design; total phenolic content; antioxidant activity; DPPH.