Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Biji pala (myristica fragrans houtt.) dikenal sebagai salah satu tanaman khas aceh yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami karena kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang dimilikinya. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi ekstraksi yang optimal terhadap senyawa flavonoid biji pala melalui metode sokletasi menggunakan pendekatan response surface methodology (rsm) dengan rancangan box–behnken design (bbd), serta menguji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak menggunakan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (dpph). tiga variabel kondisi ekstraksi yang dioptimasi meliputi konsentrasi etanol (70%, 80% dan 90%), waktu ekstraksi (60 menit, 120 menit, dan 180 menit), dan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut (1:5, 1:10, dan 1:15). penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji pala mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, saponin, dan tanin. hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model kuadratik bersifat signifikan (p < 0,05) dalam memprediksi tfc dan randemen dengan nilai lack of fit yang tidak signifikan (p > 0,05), sehingga model dinilai mampu merepresentasikan hubungan antarvariabel dan respons secara memadai. kondisi ekstraksi optimum untuk mendapatkan nilai tfc tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi etanol 80%, waktu ekstraksi 120 menit, dan rasio simplisia terhadap pelarut yaitu 1:10 dengan kadar total flavonoid 3,028 gqe/100g. sementara itu, nilai rendemen tertinggi dalam rentang percobaan diperoleh pada konsentrasi etanol 90%, waktu ekstraksi 120 menit, dan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut 1:15 dengan nilai randemen 24,5%. hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dengan kadar flavonoid tertinggi memiliki nilai ic₅₀ sebesar 17,737 µg/ml (aai 2,819; kategori sangat kuat), sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi justru diperoleh pada ekstrak dengan kadar flavonoid terendah, yaitu ic₅₀ 7,847 µg/ml (aai 6,372; kategori sangat kuat). temuan ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang tidak linear antara kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu jenis senyawa flavonoid, struktur kimia flavonoid, dan interaksi antar senyawa bioaktif dalam ekstrak. kata kunci: biji pala; sokletasi; respon surface metodology; box-behnken design: kadar total flavonoid; randemen; aktivitas antioksidan; dpph.

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is known as one of endemic plant of Aceh that has the potential to be developed as a source of natural antioxidants due to its flavonoid compound content. This study aims to obtain optimal extraction conditions for nutmeg flavonoid compounds through the soxhletation method using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach with the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) design, and to test the antioxidant activity of the extract using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Three optimized extraction condition variables include ethanol concentration (70%, 80%, and 90%), extraction time (60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes), and the ratio of material to solvent (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15). Phytochemical screening shows that the ethanol extract of nutmeg contains alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The results of the analysis showed that the quadratic model was significant (p < 0.05) in predicting TFC and yield with an insignificant less of fit value (p > 0.05), so that the model assessed was able to adequately represent the relationship between variables and responses. The optimum extraction conditions to obtain the highest TFC value were obtained at an ethanol concentration of 80%, an extraction time of 120 minutes, and a ratio of simplicia to solvent of 1:10 with a total flavonoid content of 3.028 gQE/100g. Meanwhile, the highest yield value in the experimental range was obtained at an ethanol concentration of 90%, an extraction time of 120 minutes, and a ratio of material to solvent of 1:15 with a yield value of 24.5%. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the extract with the highest flavonoid content had an IC₅₀ value of 17.737 µg/mL (AAI 2.819; very strong category), while the highest antioxidant activity was obtained in the extract with the lowest flavonoid content, namely IC₅₀ 7.847 µg/mL (AAI 6.372; very strong category). These findings indicate a non-linear relationship between total flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity caused by several factors, namely the type of flavonoid compound, the chemical structure of flavonoids, and interactions between bioactive compounds in the extract. Keywords: nutmeg; soxhletation; Respon Surface Metodology; Box-Behnken Design; total flavonoid content; yield; antioxidant activity; DPPH